Apache的.htaccess文件是服务器的心脏,控制着网站访问的各种规则。这里提供了10个不错的.htaccess片段能够帮助你优化你的网站,包括重定向、性能、可用性等等!
1. 强制后缀反斜杠
在URL的尾部加上反斜杠似乎对SEO有利 :)
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<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
2
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /+[^\.]+$
3
RewriteRule ^(.+[^/])$ %{REQUEST_URI}/ [R=
301
,L]
4
</IfModule>
2. 防盗链
节省你宝贵的带宽吧!
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RewriteEngine On
2
#Replace ?mysite\.com/ with your blog url
3
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http:
//(.+\.)?mysite\.com/ [NC]
4
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
5
#Replace /images/nohotlink.jpg with your
"don't hotlink"
image url
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RewriteRule .*\.(jpe?g|gif|bmp|png)$ /images/nohotlink.jpg [L]
3. 重定向移动设备
加入你的网站支持移动设备访问的话,最好还是重定向移动设备的访问到专门定制的页面
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RewriteEngine On
02
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/m/.*$
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RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} "text/vnd.wap.wml|application/vnd.wap.xhtml+xml" [NC,OR]
04
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "acs|alav|alca|amoi|audi|aste|avan|benq|bird|blac|blaz|brew|cell|cldc|cmd-" [NC,OR]
05
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "dang|doco|eric|hipt|inno|ipaq|java|jigs|kddi|keji|leno|lg-c|lg-d|lg-g|lge-" [NC,OR]
06
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "maui|maxo|midp|mits|mmef|mobi|mot-|moto|mwbp|nec-|newt|noki|opwv" [NC,OR]
07
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "palm|pana|pant|pdxg|phil|play|pluc|port|prox|qtek|qwap|sage|sams|sany" [NC,OR]
08
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "sch-|sec-|send|seri|sgh-|shar|sie-|siem|smal|smar|sony|sph-|symb|t-mo" [NC,OR]
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RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "teli|tim-|tosh|tsm-|upg1|upsi|vk-v|voda|w3cs|wap-|wapa|wapi" [NC,OR]
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RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "wapp|wapr|webc|winw|winw|xda|xda-" [NC,OR]
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RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "up.browser|up.link|windowssce|iemobile|mini|mmp" [NC,OR]
12
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "symbian|midp|wap|phone|pocket|mobile|pda|psp" [NC]
13
#------------- The line below excludes the iPad
14
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !^.*iPad.*$
15
#-------------
16
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !macintosh [NC] #*SEE NOTE BELOW
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RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /m/ [L,R=302]
4. 强制浏览器下载指定的文件类型
你可以强制浏览器下载某些类型的文件,而不是读取并打开这些文件,例如MP3、XLS。
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<Files *.xls>
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ForceType application/octet-stream
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Header set Content-Disposition attachment
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</Files>
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<Files *.eps>
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ForceType application/octet-stream
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Header set Content-Disposition attachment
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</Files>
5. 火狐的跨域名字体嵌入
火狐不允许嵌入一个外站的字体,下面的.htaccess片段可以绕过这个限制
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<FilesMatch
"\.(ttf|otf|eot|woff)$"
>
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<IfModule mod_headers.c>
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Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin
"http://yourdomain.com"
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</IfModule>
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</FilesMatch>
6. 使用.htaccess缓存 给网站提速
恐怕这个是最有用的代码片段了。这段代码能帮你极大的提高网站的速度!
01
#
1
YEAR
02
<FilesMatch
"\.(ico|pdf|flv)$"
>
03
Header set Cache-Control
"max-age=29030400, public"
04
</FilesMatch>
05
#
1
WEEK
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<FilesMatch
"\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|swf)$"
>
07
Header set Cache-Control
"max-age=604800, public"
08
</FilesMatch>
09
#
2
DAYS
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<FilesMatch
"\.(xml|txt|css|js)$"
>
11
Header set Cache-Control
"max-age=172800, proxy-revalidate"
12
</FilesMatch>
13
#
1
MIN
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<FilesMatch
"\.(html|htm|php)$"
>
15
Header set Cache-Control
"max-age=60, private, proxy-revalidate"
16
</FilesMatch>
7. 阻止WordPress博客的垃圾评论
还在为垃圾评论头疼吗?你可以用Akismet插件来解决这个问题,但是.htaccess文件来的更直接:阻止垃圾评论机器人访问wp-comments-post.php文件。
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<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
2
RewriteEngine On
3
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} POST
4
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} .wp-comments-post\.php*
5
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !.*yourdomainname.* [OR]
6
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^$
7
RewriteRule (.*) ^http:
//%{REMOTE_ADDR}/$ [R=301,L]
8
</IfModule>
8.重定向不同的feed格式到统一的格式
很多年前,有很多不同的feed格式,例如RSS、Atom、RDF等等。但是现在RSS已经占了绝对的主导地位。下面这段代码可以让你重定向不同的feed格式到同一个feed。这段代码可以直接在WordPress博客上使用。
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<IfModule mod_alias.c>
2
RedirectMatch
301
/feed/(atom|rdf|rss|rss2)/?$ http:
//example.com/feed/
3
RedirectMatch
301
/comments/feed/(atom|rdf|rss|rss2)/?$ http:
//example.com/comments/feed/
4
</IfModule>
9. 配置网站的HTML5视频
HTML5为我们带来了不用Flash的视频播放功能,但是你必须配置你的服务器来提供最新的HTML5视频播放功能。
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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
2
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
3
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !=/favicon.ico
4
AddType video/ogg .ogv
5
AddType video/ogg .ogg
6
AddType video/mp4 .mp4
7
AddType video/webm .webm
8
AddType application/x-shockwave-flash swf
10. 记录PHP错误
在页面上显示PHP错误是很尴尬的事情,也不安全,下面这段代码可以把PHP错误记录到.log文件中而不在页面显示。
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# display no errs to user
2
php_flag display_startup_errors off
3
php_flag display_errors off
4
php_flag html_errors off
5
# log to file
6
php_flag log_errors on
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php_value error_log /location/to/php_error.log
11. 在JavaScript代码中运行PHP
在JS中插入PHP代码有时候是很有用的,例如读取数据库。下面这段代码可以让你在JS中运行PHP。
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AddType application/x-httpd-php .js
2
AddHandler x-httpd-php5 .js
3
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<FilesMatch
"\.(js|php)$"
>
5
SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
1 | <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> |
2 | RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /+[^\.]+$ |
3 | RewriteRule ^(.+[^/])$ %{REQUEST_URI}/ [R= 301 ,L] |
4 | </IfModule> |
1 | RewriteEngine On |
2 | #Replace ?mysite\.com/ with your blog url |
3 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http: //(.+\.)?mysite\.com/ [NC] |
4 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$ |
5 | #Replace /images/nohotlink.jpg with your "don't hotlink" image url |
6 | RewriteRule .*\.(jpe?g|gif|bmp|png)$ /images/nohotlink.jpg [L] |
01 | RewriteEngine On |
02 | RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/m/.*$ |
03 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} "text/vnd.wap.wml|application/vnd.wap.xhtml+xml" [NC,OR] |
04 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "acs|alav|alca|amoi|audi|aste|avan|benq|bird|blac|blaz|brew|cell|cldc|cmd-" [NC,OR] |
05 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "dang|doco|eric|hipt|inno|ipaq|java|jigs|kddi|keji|leno|lg-c|lg-d|lg-g|lge-" [NC,OR] |
06 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "maui|maxo|midp|mits|mmef|mobi|mot-|moto|mwbp|nec-|newt|noki|opwv" [NC,OR] |
07 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "palm|pana|pant|pdxg|phil|play|pluc|port|prox|qtek|qwap|sage|sams|sany" [NC,OR] |
08 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "sch-|sec-|send|seri|sgh-|shar|sie-|siem|smal|smar|sony|sph-|symb|t-mo" [NC,OR] |
09 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "teli|tim-|tosh|tsm-|upg1|upsi|vk-v|voda|w3cs|wap-|wapa|wapi" [NC,OR] |
10 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "wapp|wapr|webc|winw|winw|xda|xda-" [NC,OR] |
11 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "up.browser|up.link|windowssce|iemobile|mini|mmp" [NC,OR] |
12 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} "symbian|midp|wap|phone|pocket|mobile|pda|psp" [NC] |
13 | #------------- The line below excludes the iPad |
14 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !^.*iPad.*$ |
15 | #------------- |
16 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !macintosh [NC] #*SEE NOTE BELOW |
17 | RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /m/ [L,R=302] |
1 | <Files *.xls> |
2 | ForceType application/octet-stream |
3 | Header set Content-Disposition attachment |
4 | </Files> |
5 | <Files *.eps> |
6 | ForceType application/octet-stream |
7 | Header set Content-Disposition attachment |
8 | </Files> |
1 | <FilesMatch "\.(ttf|otf|eot|woff)$" > |
2 | <IfModule mod_headers.c> |
3 | Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "http://yourdomain.com" |
4 | </IfModule> |
5 | </FilesMatch> |
01 | # 1 YEAR |
02 | <FilesMatch "\.(ico|pdf|flv)$" > |
03 | Header set Cache-Control "max-age=29030400, public" |
04 | </FilesMatch> |
05 | # 1 WEEK |
06 | <FilesMatch "\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|swf)$" > |
07 | Header set Cache-Control "max-age=604800, public" |
08 | </FilesMatch> |
09 | # 2 DAYS |
10 | <FilesMatch "\.(xml|txt|css|js)$" > |
11 | Header set Cache-Control "max-age=172800, proxy-revalidate" |
12 | </FilesMatch> |
13 | # 1 MIN |
14 | <FilesMatch "\.(html|htm|php)$" > |
15 | Header set Cache-Control "max-age=60, private, proxy-revalidate" |
16 | </FilesMatch> |
1 | <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> |
2 | RewriteEngine On |
3 | RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} POST |
4 | RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} .wp-comments-post\.php* |
5 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !.*yourdomainname.* [OR] |
6 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^$ |
7 | RewriteRule (.*) ^http: //%{REMOTE_ADDR}/$ [R=301,L] |
8 | </IfModule> |
1 | <IfModule mod_alias.c> |
2 | RedirectMatch 301 /feed/(atom|rdf|rss|rss2)/?$ http: //example.com/feed/ |
3 | RedirectMatch 301 /comments/feed/(atom|rdf|rss|rss2)/?$ http: //example.com/comments/feed/ |
4 | </IfModule> |
1 | RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f |
2 | RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d |
3 | RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !=/favicon.ico |
4 | AddType video/ogg .ogv |
5 | AddType video/ogg .ogg |
6 | AddType video/mp4 .mp4 |
7 | AddType video/webm .webm |
8 | AddType application/x-shockwave-flash swf |
1 | # display no errs to user |
2 | php_flag display_startup_errors off |
3 | php_flag display_errors off |
4 | php_flag html_errors off |
5 | # log to file |
6 | php_flag log_errors on |
7 | php_value error_log /location/to/php_error.log |
1 | AddType application/x-httpd-php .js |
2 | AddHandler x-httpd-php5 .js |
3 |
4 | <FilesMatch "\.(js|php)$" > |
5 | SetHandler application/x-httpd-php |
6 | </FilesMatch> |