Django(三) Url Api以及跨域问题

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-06 13:24:32 发布

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博客介绍了 Django 中 URL API 的搭建过程，包括安装 rest_framework、配置 settings、编写 models、views 和 urls 等步骤。同时，针对访问 API 时的跨域问题，给出了解决方案，即安装 Django - cors - headers 并配置 settings，最终可获取到 json 数据。

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· Url api

1 安装rest_framework

pip install django-filter
pip install djangorestframework

2 配置settings

INSTALLED_APPS = [
   ...
   'rest_framework',
   ]

3 编写models

  from rest_framework import serializers
  ...
  class Student(models.Model):
	student_name = models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name=u'学生姓名')
  	head_pose_up = models.IntegerField(default=1,verbose_name=u'抬头')

	class Meta:
    	verbose_name = u'学生信息'
    	verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
	def __str__(self): return self.student_name

class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        # ModelSerializer和Django中ModelForm功能相似
        # Serializer和Django中Form功能相似
        class Meta:
            model = Student
            # 和"__all__"等价
            fields = ('student_name', 'head_pose_up')

4 编写views

from apps.models import Student,StudentSerializer
from rest_framework.reverse import reverse
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
from rest_framework.status import HTTP_201_CREATED,HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST


@api_view(['GET', 'POST'])
def api_student(request, format=None):
        if request.method == 'GET':
                Stu = Student.objects.all()
                serializer = StudentSerializer(Stu, many=True)
                return Response(serializer.data)

        elif request.method == 'POST':
      

      serializer = StudentSerializer(data=request.data)
            if serializer.is_valid():
                    serializer.save()
                    return Response(serializer.data, status=HTTP_201_CREATED)
            return Response(serializer.errors, status=HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

5 编写ulrs

urlpatterns = [
   ...
   path('api-index/',lookface.views.api_student),
   ...
   ]

6 have a look

在这里插入图片描述

· 访问api跨域问题

1 访问

在这里插入图片描述

2 跨域提示，控制台查看

在这里插入图片描述

3 django后端解决，安装Django-cors-headers，配置settings

pip install django-cors-headers

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'corsheaders',
    ...
    ]
    
MIDDLEWARE = [  
    
    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',#放到中间件顶部
    ...
    ]
CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True