关于CMake生成包含PCL库和CGAL库的工程时出现“无法解析的外部符号”的错误

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-24 16:55:08 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-11-24 16:55:08 发布 · 2.9k 阅读

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#CMake #PCL #CGAL

博客讲述了在Windows 8环境下，使用CMake结合VS2013配置PCL 1.8.0和CGAL 4.10.2时遇到的“无法解析的外部符号”错误。经过尝试，发现解决方案是通过VS2013新建空项目，手动导入头文件和配置文件，并分别针对Debug和Release模式设置项目属性表，包括包含目录、库目录、附加依赖项等，最终成功运行程序。

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前言

博主之前安装了PCL 1.8.0库（教程链接：PCL-1.8.0-AllInOne VS2013 Win8 X64 安装配置及部分问题解决方法）和CGAL库（教程链接：在Win8，VS2013中配置CGAL库），最近需要把两个库用在同一个工程，所以用CMake-gui来生成包含这两个库的VS2013工程。结果出现“无法解析的外部符号”的错误。

在经历了10个小时左右的资料搜索、询问求助之后，该问题还是没有得到根本解决，但是采取了一种“软着陆”的解决方案，程序能够运行了。

先记录博主的报错现象以及排错过程，一是可以给遇到相同情况的朋友些许借鉴，二是为自己日后填坑做前景记录。

环境

Win 8-4

VS 2013

CMake 3.10.2-x64

PCL 1.8.0-x64

CGAL 4.10.2-x64

问题

利用CMake-gui生成只包含PCL库的工程——运行正常。

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.0)

project(ISS_RoPS)

# PCL 1.8.0
find_package(PCL 1.8.0 REQUIRED)

include_directories(${PCL_INCLUDE_DIRS})
link_directories(${PCL_LIBRARY_DIRS})
add_definitions(${PCL_DEFINITIONS})

add_executable(ISS_RoPS test.cpp)
target_link_libraries(ISS_RoPS ${PCL_LIBRARIES})

利用CMake-gui生成只包含CGAL库的工程——运行正常。

# 仿照CGAL/demo的CMakeLists.txt  
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.0) 

project(ISS_RoPS)  
  
# CGAL 4.10.2   
find_package(CGAL QUIET)  
  
if ( CGAL_FOUND )  
  
  include( ${CGAL_USE_FILE} )  
  
  include( CGAL_CreateSingleSourceCGALProgram )  
    
  message(STATUS "Find CGAL successfully.")  
  
else()  
    
    message(STATUS "This program requires the CGAL library, and will not be compiled.")  
    
endif()  
  
add_executable(ISS_RoPS test.cpp)  
  
target_link_libraries(ISS_RoPS ${CGAL_LIBRARIES} ${CGAL_3RD_PARTY_LIBRARIES})

或

# 仿照CGAL/example的CMakeLists.txt

project( ISS_RoPS )

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.0)

find_package(CGAL QUIET)

if ( CGAL_FOUND )

  include( ${CGAL_USE_FILE} )

  include( CGAL_CreateSingleSourceCGALProgram )

  include_directories (BEFORE "../../include")

  # create a target per cppfile
  file(GLOB cppfiles RELATIVE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.cpp)
  foreach(cppfile ${cppfiles})
    create_single_source_cgal_program( "${cppfile}" )
  endforeach()

else()
  
    message(STATUS "This program requires the CGAL library, and will not be compiled.")
  
endif()

利用CMake-gui生成包含PCL和CGAL库的工程——报错：“无法解析的外部符号”

make_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.0)

project(ISS_RoPS)

# PCL 1.8.0
find_package(PCL 1.8.0 REQUIRED)

include_directories(${PCL_INCLUDE_DIRS})
link_directories(${PCL_LIBRARY_DIRS})
add_definitions(${PCL_DEFINITIONS})

# CGAL 4.10.2 
find_package(CGAL QUIET)

if ( CGAL_FOUND )

  include( ${CGAL_USE_FILE} )

  include( CGAL_CreateSingleSourceCGALProgram )
  
  message(STATUS "Find CGAL successfully.")

else()
  
    message(STATUS "This program requires the CGAL library, and will not be compiled.")
  
endif()

add_executable(ISS_RoPS test.cpp)
target_link_libraries(ISS_RoPS ${PCL_LIBRARIES})
#target_link_libraries(ISS_RoPS ${CGAL_LIBRARIES} ${CGAL_3RD_PARTY_LIBRARIES})

（看错误提示，貌似是两个库依赖的Boost库冲突或者Boost库的lib配置不完整导致的）

排错过程

1.Boost库在CMakeLists.txt中单独添加的相关测试。

（1）原版的测试：Boost库可以找到，但是Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS和Boost_LIBRAIRES不输出。程序依然报错。

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.0)  
  
project(ISS_RoPS) 

# PCL 1.8.0  
find_package(PCL 1.8.0 REQUIRED)  
  
include_directories(${PCL_INCLUDE_DIRS})  
link_directories(${PCL_LIBRARY_DIRS})  
add_definitions(${PCL_DEFINITIONS})  
  
# CGAL 4.10.2   
find_package(CGAL QUIET)  
  
if ( CGAL_FOUND )  
  
  include( ${CGAL_USE_FILE} )  
  
  include( CGAL_CreateSingleSourceCGALProgram )  
    
  message(STATUS "Find CGAL successfully.")  
  
else()  
    
    message(STATUS "This program requires the CGAL library, and will not be compiled.")  
    
endif()  
  
# BOOST 1.59.0  
find_package(Boost 1.59.0 REQUIRED)  
include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})  
link_directories(${Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS})  
add_definitions(${PCL_DEFINITIONS})  

# 此处可以输出“Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS”，但不输出“Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS”和“Boost_LIBRARIES”  
message(STATUS "${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}：" ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})  
  
message(STATUS "${Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS}：" ${Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS})  
  
message(STATUS "${Boost_LIBRARIES}: " ${Boost_LIBRARIES})  

# 显示成功找到Boost  
if( Boost_FOUND )
message(STATUS "Find Boost successfully.")  
else()  
    message(STATUS "This program requires the Boost library, and will not be compiled.")  
endif()  
  
add_executable(ISS_RoPS test.cpp)  
target_link_libraries(ISS_RoPS ${PCL_LIBRARIES})  
target_link_libraries(ISS_RoPS ${CGAL_LIBRARIES} ${CGAL_3RD_PARTY_LIBRARIES})  
target_link_libraries(ISS_RoPS ${Boost_LIBRARIES})

（2）手动set设置Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS和Boost_LIBRARIES的路径：

1）变量输出，但程序generate报错：Boost_LIBRARIES应该对应的是链接库文件，不是路径；

2）去掉Boost_LIBRARIES的路径set后Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS变量输出，但Boost_LIBRARIES路径不输出。

3）程序依然报错。

[变量名的差异以及根据什么目的对谁进行设置set，如何设置，多参考CMake的FindBoost.cmake]

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.0)  
  
project(ISS_RoPS)  
  
# PCL 1.8.0  
find_package(PCL 1.8.0 REQUIRED)  
  
include_directories(${PCL_INCLUDE_DIRS})  
link_directories(${PCL_LIBRARY_DIRS})  
add_definitions(${PCL_DEFINITIONS})  
  
# CGAL 4.10.2   
find_package(CGAL QUIET)  
  
if ( CGAL_FOUND )  
  
  include( ${CGAL_USE_FILE} )  
  
  include( CGAL_CreateSingleSourceCGALProgram )  
    
  message(STATUS "Find CGAL successfully.")  
  
else()  
    
    message(STATUS "This program requires the CGAL library, and will not be compiled.")  
    
endif()  
  
#BOOST 1.59.0  
find_package(Boost 1.59.0 REQUIRED)  
set(Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS "C:/dev/boost_1_59_0/lib64-msvc-12.0")  
#set(Boost_LIBRARIES "C:/dev/boost_1_59_0/lib64-msvc-12.0")  
include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}})  
link_directories(${Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS})  
  
if( Boost_FOUND )  
    message(STATUS "Find Boost successfully.")  
else()  
    message(STATUS "This program requires the Boost library, and will not be compiled.")  
endif()  
  
message(STATUS "${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}：" ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})  
  
message(STATUS "${Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS}：" ${Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS})  
  
message(STATUS "${Boost_LIBRARIES}: " ${Boost_LIBRARIES})  
  
if( Boost_FOUND )  
    message(STATUS "Find Boost successfully.")  
else()  
    message(STATUS "This program requires the Boost library, and will not be compiled.")  
endif()  
  
message(STATUS "Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS:" ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})  
message(STATUS "Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS:" ${Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS}) 
message(STATUS "Boost_LIBRARIES" ${Boost_LIBRARIES})  

add_executable(ISS_RoPS test.cpp)  
target_link_libraries(ISS_RoPS ${PCL_LIBRARIES})  
target_link_libraries(ISS_RoPS ${Boost_LIBRARIES})

2.PCL库包含过程中Boost库的检查：boost输出正确。

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.0)

project(ISS_RoPS)

FIND_PACKAGE(PCL REQUIRED)
INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(${PCL_INCLUDE_DIRS})
ADD_DEFINITIONS(${PCL_DEFINITIONS})

add_executable(ISS_RoPS pointTransform.cpp)
target_link_libraries(ISS_RoPS ${Boost_LIBRARIES})

message(STATUS "Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS：" ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})
message(STATUS "Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS：" ${Boost_LIBRARY_DIRS})
message(STATUS "Boost_LIBRARIES" ${Boost_LIBRARIES})