Xen PVH 模式虚拟机配置说明文档

最新推荐文章于 2025-12-05 10:57:42 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-12-05 10:57:42 发布 · 1.5k 阅读

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#linux #驱动开发 #PVH

1. 引言：PVH 虚拟化模式概述

本配置文件用于基于 Xen 虚拟化平台创建 PVH（Para-Virtualized Hardware）模式的 Linux 虚拟机。PVH 是 Xen 推出的新一代虚拟化技术，融合了传统 PV（Para-Virtualization，半虚拟化）的高性能与 HVM（Hardware Virtual Machine，全虚拟化）的硬件辅助优势，具有以下核心特点：

无需模拟完整的 BIOS/UEFI 固件，直接加载内核镜像，启动速度更快；
保留 PV 模式的轻量化特性，减少虚拟化层开销；
支持 virtio 系列虚拟设备（如 virtio-net、virtio-blk、virtio-vga），兼顾性能与硬件兼容性；
适用于需要直接访问硬件资源（如 GPU 加速）的场景。

本文档将详细解析配置文件中各参数的作用、取值规范及配置建议，帮助用户理解并根据实际环境调整配置。Xen安装给定的PVH配置启动的test.pvh文件内容如下，接下来按字段的类别进行分析。

# =====================================================================
# Example PVH Linux guest configuration
# =====================================================================
#
# This is a fairly minimal example of what is required for a
# PVH Linux guest. For a more complete guide see xl.cfg(5)

# This configures a PVH rather than PV guest
type = "pvh"

# Guest name
name = "test.pvh"

# Kernel image to boot

#MODIFY THIS LINE FOR YOUR OS!! And you could easily reuse DOM0 kernel image

kernel = "/boot/vmlinuz-6.8.78"

# Ramdisk (optional)

#MODIFY THIS LINE FOR YOUR OS!! And you could easily reuse DOM0 initrd image
ramdisk = "/boot/initrd.img-6.8.78"

# Kernel command line options
extra = "root=/dev/xvda3 console=hvc0"

# Initial memory allocation (MB)
memory = 8192

# Number of VCPUS
vcpus = 12

# Network devices
# A list of 'vifspec' entries as described in
# docs/misc/xl-network-configuration.markdown

# In PVH guest, only virtio-net is supported!!
vif = [ 'script=vif-openvswitch,bridge=ovsbr0,model=virtio-net,type=ioemu' ]

# Disk Devices
# A list of `diskspec' entries as described in
# docs/misc/xl-disk-configuration.txt

#MODIFY THIS LINE FOR YOUR OS!!
disk = [ 'tap:qcow2:/path/to/vm.qcow2,xvda,rw' ]

# INPUT DEVICES

# keyboard is by default enabled. To disable add keyboard=0

# PS/2 mouse is by default disabled. To enable add mouse=1

# tablet is by default disabled. To enable add tablet=1
virtio_pci=1
tablet