Linux Commands B-E

Command Description

badblocks
Search a disk partition for bad sectors.

banner
Used to print characters as a poster.

basename
Used to display filenames with directoy or suffix.

bash
GNU Bourne-Again Shell.

batch
Used to run commands entered on a standard input.

bc
Access the GNU bc calculator utility.

bg
Send processes to the background.

biff
Notify about incoming mail and sender’s name on a system running comsat server.

bind
Used to attach a name to a socket.

bison
A GNU parser generator, compatible with yacc.

break
Used to exit from a loop (eg: for, while, select).

builtin
Used to run shell builtin commands, make custom functions for commands extending their functionality.

bzcmp
Used to call the cmp program for bzip2 compressed files.

bzdiff
Used to call the diff program for bzip2 compressed files.

bzgrep
Used to call grep for bzip2 compressed files.

bzip2
A block-sorting file compressor used to shrink given files.

bzless
Used to apply ‘less’ (show info one page at a time) to bzip2 compressed files.

bzmore
Used to apply ‘more’ (an inferior version of less) to bzip2 compressed files.

cal
Show calendar.

cardctl
Used to control PCMCIA sockets and select configuration schemes.

cardmgr
Keeps an eye on the added/removes sockets for PCMCIA devices.

case
Execute a command conditionally by matching a pattern.

cat
Used to concatenate files and print them on the screen.

cc
GNU C and C++ compiler.

cd
Used to change directory.

cdda2wav
Used to rip a CD-ROM and make WAV file.

cdparanoia
Record audio from CD more reliably using data-verification algorithms.

cdrdao
Used to write all the content specified to a file to a CD all at once.

cdrecord
Used to record data or audio compact discs.

cfdisk
Show or change the disk partition table.

chage
Used to change user password information.

chattr
Used to change file attributes.

chdir
Used to change active working directory.

chfn
Used to change real user name and information.

chgrp
Used to change group ownership for file.

chkconfig
Manage execution of runlevel services.

chmod
Change access permission for a file(s).

chown
Change the owner or group for a file.

chpasswd
Update password in a batch.

chroot
Run a command with root privileges.

chrt
Alter process attributed in real-time.

chsh
Switch login shell.

chvt
Change foreground virtual terminal.

cksum
Perform a CRC checksum for files.

clear
Used to clear the terminal window.

cmp
Compare two files (byte by byte).

col
Filter reverse (and half-reverse) line feeds from the input.

colcrt
Filter nroff output for CRT previewing.

colrm
Remove columns from the lines of a file.

column
A utility that formats its input into columns.

comm
Used to compare two sorted files line by line.

command
Used to execute a command with arguments ignoring shell function named command.

compress
Used to compress one or more file(s) and replacing the originals ones.

continue
Resume the next iteration of a loop.

cp
Copy contents of one file to another.

cpio
Copy files from and to archives.

cpp
GNU C language processor.

cron
A daemon to execute scheduled commands.

crond
Same work as cron.

crontab
Manage crontab files (containing schedules commands) for users.

csplit
Split a file into sections on the basis of context lines.

ctags
Make a list of functions and macro names defined in a programming source file.

cupsd
A scheduler for CUPS.

curl
Used to transfer data from or to a server using supported protocols.

cut
Used to remove sections from each line of a file(s).

cvs
Concurrent Versions System. Used to track file versions, allow storage/retrieval of previous versions, and enables multiple users to work on the same file.

date
Show system date and time.

dc
Desk calculator utility.

dd
Used to convert and copy a file, create disk clone, write disk headers, etc.

ddrescue
Used to recover data from a crashed partition.

deallocvt
Deallocates kernel memory for unused virtual consoles.

debugfs
File system debugger for ext2/ext3/ext4

declare
Used to declare variables and assign attributes.

depmod
Generate modules.dep and map files.

devdump
Interactively displays the contents of device or file system ISO.

df
Show disk usage.

diff
Used to compare files line by line.

diff3
Compare three files line by line.

dig
Domain Information Groper, a DNS lookup utility.

dir
List the contents of a directory.

dircolors
Set colors for ‘ls’ by altering the LS_COLORS environment variable.

dirname
Display pathname after removing the last slash and characters thereafter.

dirs
Show the list of remembered directories.

disable
Restrict access to a printer.

dlpsh
Interactive Desktop Link Protocol (DLP) shell for PalmOS.

dmesg
Examine and control the kernel ring buffer.

dnsdomainname
Show the DNS domain name of the system.

dnssec-keygen
Generate encrypted Secure DNS keys for a given domain name.

dnssec-makekeyset
Produce domain key set from one or more DNS security keys generated by dnssec-keygen.

dnssec-signkey
Sign a secure DNS keyset with key signatures specified in the list of key-identifiers.

dnssec-signzone
Sign a secure DNS zonefile with the signatures in the specified list of key-identifiers.

doexec
Used to run an executable with an arbitrary argv list provided.

domainname
Show or set the name of current NIS (Network Information Services) domain.

dosfsck
Check and repair MS-DOS file systems.

du
Show disk usage summary for a file(s).

dump
Backup utility for ext2/ext3 file systems.

dumpe2fs
Dump ext2/ext3/ext4 file systems.

dumpkeys
Show information about the keyboard driver’s current translation tables.

e2fsck
Used to check ext2/ext3/ext4 file systems.

e2image
Store important ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem metadata to a file.

e2label
Show or change the label on an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem.

echo
Send input string(s) to standard output i.e. display text on the screen.

ed
GNU Ed – a line-oriented text editor.

edquota
Used to edit filesystem quotas using a text editor, such as vi.

egrep
Search and display text matching a pattern.

eject
Eject removable media.

elvtune
Used to set latency in the elevator algorithm used to schedule I/O activities for specified block devices.

emacs
Emacs text editor command line utility.

enable
Used to enable/disable shell builtin commands.

env
Run a command in a modified environment. Show/set/delete environment variables.

envsubst
Substitute environment variable values in shell format strings.

esd
Start the Enlightenment Sound Daemon (EsounD or esd). Enables multiple applications to access the same audio device simultaneously.

esd-config
Manage EsounD configuration.

esdcat
Use EsounD to send audio data from a specified file.

esdctl
EsounD control program.

esddsp
Used to reroute non-esd audio data to esd and control all the audio using esd.

esdmon
Used to copy the sound being sent to a device. Also, send it to a secondary device.

esdplay
Use EsounD system to play a file.

esdrec
Use EsounD to record audio to a specified file.

esdsample
Sample audio using esd.

etags
Used to create a list of functions and macros from a programming source file. These etags are used by emacs. For vi, use ctags.

ethtool
Used to query and control network driver and hardware settings.

eval
Used to evaluate multiple commands or arguments are once.

ex
Interactive command

exec
An interactive line-based text editor.

exit
Exit from the terminal.

expand
Convert tabs into spaces in a given file and show the output.

expect
An extension to the Tcl script, it’s used to automate interaction with other applications based on their expected output.

export
Used to set an environment variable.

expr
Evaluate expressions and display them on standard output.

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