what's the function of pid file?

本文探讨了如何防止一个程序启动多个实例,并在多进程环境下通过获取进程PID实现进程间通信的方法。

1、防止一个程序运行多个实例,保证一个程序只能启动一次。

2、多进程通信的情况下,让其他程序能获取到自己进程的PID,实现进程间通信。



请告诉我具体的实验步骤: Lab: system calls In the last lab you used system calls to write a few utilities. In this lab you will add some new system calls to xv6, which will help you understand how they work and will expose you to some of the internals of the xv6 kernel. You will add more system calls in later labs. Before you start coding, read Chapter 2 of the xv6 book, and Sections 4.3 and 4.4 of Chapter 4, and related source files: • The user-space "stubs" that route system calls into the kernel are in user/usys.S, which is generated by user/usys.pl when you run make. Declarations are in user/user.h • The kernel-space code that routes a system call to the kernel function that implements it is in kernel/syscall.c and kernel/syscall.h. • Process-related code is kernel/proc.h and kernel/proc.c. To start the lab, switch to the syscall branch: $ git fetch $ git checkout syscall $ make clean If you run make grade you will see that the grading script cannot exec trace and sysinfotest. Your job is to add the necessary system calls and stubs to make them work. Using gdb (easy) In many cases, print statements will be sufficient to debug your kernel, but sometimes being able to single step through some assembly code or inspecting the variables on the stack is helpful. To learn more about how to run GDB and the common issues that can arise when using GDB, check out this page. To help you become familiar with gdb, run and then fire up gdb in another window (see the gdb bullet on the guidance page). Once you have two windows open, type in the gdb window: make qemu-gdb (gdb) b syscall Breakpoint 1 at 0x80002142: file kernel/syscall.c, line 243. (gdb) c Continuing. [Switching to Thread 1.2] Thread 2 hit Breakpoint 1, syscall () at kernel/syscall.c:243 243 { (gdb) layout src (gdb) backtrace The layout command splits the window in two, showing where gdb is in the source code. The backtrace prints out the stack backtrace. See Using the GNU Debugger for helpful GDB commands. Answer the following questions in answers-syscall.txt. Looking at the backtrace output, which function called syscall? Type a few times to step past struct proc *p = myproc(); Once past this statement, type , which prints the current process's proc struct (see kernel/proc.h>) in hex. np /x *p What is the value of p->trapframe->a7 and what does that value represent? (Hint: look user/initcode.S, the first user program xv6 starts.) The processor is running in kernel mode, and we can print privileged registers such as sstatus (see RISC-V privileged instructions for a description): (gdb) p /x $sstatus What was the previous mode that the CPU was in? In the subsequent part of this lab (or in following labs), it may happen that you make a programming error that causes the xv6 kernel to panic. For example, replace the statement num = p->trapframe->a7; with num = * (int *) 0; at the beginning of syscall, run , and you will see something similar to: make qemu xv6 kernel is booting hart 2 starting hart 1 starting scause 0x000000000000000d sepc=0x000000008000215a stval=0x0000000000000000 panic: kerneltrap Quit out of qemu. To track down the source of a kernel page-fault panic, search for the sepc value printed for the panic you just saw in the file kernel/kernel.asm, which contains the assembly for the compiled kernel. Write down the assembly instruction the kernel is panicing at. Which register corresponds to the variable num? To inspect the state of the processor and the kernel at the faulting instruction, fire up gdb, and set a breakpoint at the faulting epc, like this: (gdb) b *0x000000008000215a Breakpoint 1 at 0x8000215a: file kernel/syscall.c, line 247. (gdb) layout asm (gdb) c Continuing. [Switching to Thread 1.3] Thread 3 hit Breakpoint 1, syscall () at kernel/syscall.c:247 Confirm that the faulting assembly instruction is the same as the one you found above. Why does the kernel crash? Hint: look at figure 3-3 in the text; is address 0 mapped in the kernel address space? Is that confirmed by the value in scause above? (See description of scause in RISC-V privileged instructions) Note that scause was printed by the kernel panic above, but often you need to look at additional info to track down the problem that caused the panic. For example, to find out which user process was running when the kernel paniced, you can print out the process's name: (gdb) p p->name What is the name of the binary that was running when the kernel paniced? What is its process id (pid)? This concludes a brief introduction to tracking down bugs with gdb; it is worth your time to revisit Using the GNU Debugger when tracking down kernel bugs. The guidance page also has some other other useful debugging tips.
11-16
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