Qt5与Javascript交互
本文记录Qt5.7.1与JavaScript进行混合编程的例子,网上这些例子基本也是大同小异,我也是参考了网上的一些做法,但很多时候你需要自己手动做一遍才能真正理解和明白其中的过程,同时我发现有些例子的某些操作挺迷惑人——真的需要这样做吗?是否可以更加简单一点,更加清晰地描述其中的过程?下面是我经过修改的例子。
本文使用开发环境是VS2013+Qt5.7.1,然后安装qt-vs-addin-1.2.5.exe插件。使用到的Qt5WebEngine作为网页加载显示,然后用QtWebChannel作为Qt与Javascript交互通讯的桥梁,这也是官方推荐的方法。
运行界面如下:
一、项目配置
新建项目之后,选择Qt Application,然后模块选择如下:
需要注意的是Qt5WebEngine需要手动添加,右键项目属性,然后:
(1)配置属性->c/c++的常规选项->附加包含目录,添加头文件路径
$(QTDIR)\include\QtWebEngineWidgets
(2)配置属性->链接器->输入,添加库文件(Debug配置)
Qt5WebEngined.lib
二、Qt项目源码
其中,JsWidget是窗体显示类,InteractObject是交互类。
main.cpp文件:
#include "JsWidget.h"
#include <QtWidgets/QApplication>
#include <QTextCodec>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QTextCodec::setCodecForLocale(QTextCodec::codecForName("utf-8"));
QApplication a(argc, argv);
JsWidget w;
w.show();
return a.exec();
}
JsWidget.h文件:
#ifndef JSWIDGET_H
#define JSWIDGET_H
#pragma execution_character_set("utf-8")
#include <QtWidgets/QWidget>
#include <QWebEngineView>
#include <QWebChannel>
#include <QPlainTextEdit>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QPushButton>
#include "InteractObject.h"
class JsWidget : public QWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
JsWidget(QWidget *parent = 0);
~JsWidget();
public:
void appendContent(const QString &text);
private slots:
void onSendSlot();
private:
QWebEngineView *_webView;
InteractObject *_interactObj;
QPlainTextEdit *_edtContent;
QLineEdit *_edtInput;
QPushButton *_btnSend;
};
#endif // JSWIDGET_H
JsWidget.cpp文件
#include "JsWidget.h"
#include <QHBoxLayout>
#include <QVBoxLayout>
#include <QGroupBox>
#include <QFile>
#include <QDir>
JsWidget::JsWidget(QWidget *parent)
: QWidget(parent)
{
_interactObj = new InteractObject(this);
// qt界面
_edtContent = new QPlainTextEdit(this);
_edtContent->setMinimumWidth(400);
_edtInput = new QLineEdit(this);
_btnSend = new QPushButton("发送文本", this);
connect(_btnSend, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(onSendSlot()));
QHBoxLayout *hLayout1 = new QHBoxLayout();
hLayout1->addWidget(_edtInput, 1);
hLayout1->addWidget(_btnSend);
QVBoxLayout *vLayout1 = new QVBoxLayout();
vLayout1->addWidget(_edtContent, 1);
vLayout1->addLayout(hLayout1);
QGroupBox *qtGroup = new QGroupBox("Qt界面", this);
qtGroup->setLayout(vLayout1);
// web界面
QWebChannel *channel = new QWebChannel(this);
channel->registerObject(QStringLiteral("interactObj"), _interactObj);
_webView = new QWebEngineView(this);
_webView->page()->setWebChannel(channel);
QUrl baseUrl = QUrl::fromLocalFile(QDir::current().absoluteFilePath("."));
QFile file("test.html");
if (file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)){
QTextStream stream(&file);
QString content = stream.readAll();
_webView->setHtml(content, baseUrl);
}
_webView->show();
QVBoxLayout *vLayout2 = new QVBoxLayout();
vLayout2->addWidget(_webView, 1);
QGroupBox *webGroup = new QGroupBox("Web界面", this);
webGroup->setLayout(vLayout2);
// 布局
QHBoxLayout *mainLayout = new QHBoxLayout();
mainLayout->addWidget(qtGroup);
mainLayout->addWidget(webGroup);
this->setLayout(mainLayout);
this->setMinimumSize(800, 600);
}
void JsWidget::appendContent(const QString &text)
{
_edtContent->appendPlainText(text);
}
JsWidget::~JsWidget()
{
}
void JsWidget::onSendSlot()
{
QString text = _edtInput->text().trimmed();
if (text.isEmpty())
return;
_interactObj->sendStringToHtml(text);
_edtInput->setText("");
}
InteractObject.h文件:
#ifndef __INTERACT_OBJECT_H__
#define __INTERACT_OBJECT_H__
#include <QObject>
#include <QString>
class JsWidget;
class InteractObject : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
InteractObject(JsWidget *parent);
void sendStringToHtml(const QString &text);
// 槽
public slots:
// 可以被javascript调用
void recvStringSlot(const QString &text);
// 信号
signals:
// 在javascript文件里面定义链接函数,
// 然后发送信号触发javascript函数
void sendStringSignal(const QString &text);
private:
QString _text;
QString _recieveText;
JsWidget *_jsWidget;
};
#endif
InteractObject.cpp文件:
#include "InteractObject.h"
#include "JsWidget.h"
InteractObject::InteractObject(JsWidget *parent)
: QObject(parent)
, _jsWidget(parent)
{
}
void InteractObject::sendStringToHtml(const QString &text)
{
emit sendStringSignal(text);
}
/*!
This slot is invoked from the HTML client side and the text displayed on the server side.
*/
void InteractObject::recvStringSlot(const QString &text)
{
_jsWidget->appendContent("Received string: " + text);
}
三、Html与Javascript源码
在项目输出目录新建test.html,然后添加代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="./qwebchannel.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
// 输出信息
function output(message)
{
var output = document.getElementById("output");
output.innerHTML = output.innerHTML + message + "\n";
}
// 启动加载函数
window.onload = function() {
output("安装 QWebChannel.");
new QWebChannel(qt.webChannelTransport, function(channel) {
// 获取Qt类交互对象
var interactObj = channel.objects.interactObj;
// 按钮点击事件
document.getElementById("send").onclick = function() {
var input = document.getElementById("input");
if (!input.value) {
return;
}
// 调用Qt类公有函数
interactObj.recvStringSlot(input.value);
input.value = "";
}
// 链接Qt类信号函数
interactObj.sendStringSignal.connect(function(str) {
output("Received string: " + str);
});
// 调用Qt类公有函数
interactObj.recvStringSlot("Client connected, 准备发送、接收数据!");
});
}
//END SETUP
</script>
<style type="text/css">
html {
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
}
#input {
width: 300px;
margin: 0 10px 0 0;
}
#send {
width: 90px;
margin: 0;
}
#output {
width: 400px;
height: 300px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<textarea id="output"></textarea><br />
<input id="input" />
<input type="submit" id="send" value="发送文本" onclick="javascript:click();" />
</body>
</html>
其中qwebchannel.js是官方自动例子的js文件
/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2015 The Qt Company Ltd.
** Copyright (C) 2014 Klarälvdalens Datakonsult AB, a KDAB Group company, info@kdab.com, author Milian Wolff <milian.wolff@kdab.com>
** Contact: http://www.qt.io/licensing/
**
** This file is part of the QtWebChannel module of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL21$
** Commercial License Usage
** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms
** and conditions see http://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further
** information use the contact form at http://www.qt.io/contact-us.
**
** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser
** General Public License version 2.1 or version 3 as published by the Free
** Software Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPLv21 and
** LICENSE.LGPLv3 included in the packaging of this file. Please review the
** following information to ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License
** requirements will be met: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html and
** http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html.
**
** As a special exception, The Qt Company gives you certain additional
** rights. These rights are described in The Qt Company LGPL Exception
** version 1.1, included in the file LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt in this package.
**
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/
"use strict";
var QWebChannelMessageTypes = {
signal: 1,
propertyUpdate: 2,
init: 3,
idle: 4,
debug: 5,
invokeMethod: 6,
connectToSignal: 7,
disconnectFromSignal: 8,
setProperty: 9,
response: 10,
};
var QWebChannel = function(transport, initCallback)
{
if (typeof transport !== "object" || typeof transport.send !== "function") {
console.error("The QWebChannel expects a transport object with a send function and onmessage callback property." +
" Given is: transport: " + typeof(transport) + ", transport.send: " + typeof(transport.send));
return;
}
var channel = this;
this.transport = transport;
this.send = function(data)
{
if (typeof(data) !== "string") {
data = JSON.stringify(data);
}
channel.transport.send(data);
}
this.transport.onmessage = function(message)
{
var data = message.data;
if (typeof data === "string") {
data = JSON.parse(data);
}
switch (data.type) {
case QWebChannelMessageTypes.signal:
channel.handleSignal(data);
break;
case QWebChannelMessageTypes.response:
channel.handleResponse(data);
break;
case QWebChannelMessageTypes.propertyUpdate:
channel.handlePropertyUpdate(data);
break;
default:
console.error("invalid message received:", message.data);
break;
}
}
this.execCallbacks = {};
this.execId = 0;
this.exec = function(data, callback)
{
if (!callback) {
// if no callback is given, send directly
channel.send(data);
return;
}
if (channel.execId === Number.MAX_VALUE) {
// wrap
channel.execId = Number.MIN_VALUE;
}
if (data.hasOwnProperty("id")) {
console.error("Cannot exec message with property id: " + JSON.stringify(data));
return;
}
data.id = channel.execId++;
channel.execCallbacks[data.id] = callback;
channel.send(data);
};
this.objects = {};
this.handleSignal = function(message)
{
var object = channel.objects[message.object];
if (object) {
object.signalEmitted(message.signal, message.args);
} else {
console.warn("Unhandled signal: " + message.object + "::" + message.signal);
}
}
this.handleResponse = function(message)
{
if (!message.hasOwnProperty("id")) {
console.error("Invalid response message received: ", JSON.stringify(message));
return;
}
channel.execCallbacks[message.id](message.data);
delete channel.execCallbacks[message.id];
}
this.handlePropertyUpdate = function(message)
{
for (var i in message.data) {
var data = message.data[i];
var object = channel.objects[data.object];
if (object) {
object.propertyUpdate(data.signals, data.properties);
} else {
console.warn("Unhandled property update: " + data.object + "::" + data.signal);
}
}
channel.exec({type: QWebChannelMessageTypes.idle});
}
this.debug = function(message)
{
channel.send({type: QWebChannelMessageTypes.debug, data: message});
};
channel.exec({type: QWebChannelMessageTypes.init}, function(data) {
for (var objectName in data) {
var object = new QObject(objectName, data[objectName], channel);
}
// now unwrap properties, which might reference other registered objects
for (var objectName in channel.objects) {
channel.objects[objectName].unwrapProperties();
}
if (initCallback) {
initCallback(channel);
}
channel.exec({type: QWebChannelMessageTypes.idle});
});
};
function QObject(name, data, webChannel)
{
this.__id__ = name;
webChannel.objects[name] = this;
// List of callbacks that get invoked upon signal emission
this.__objectSignals__ = {};
// Cache of all properties, updated when a notify signal is emitted
this.__propertyCache__ = {};
var object = this;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
this.unwrapQObject = function(response)
{
if (response instanceof Array) {
// support list of objects
var ret = new Array(response.length);
for (var i = 0; i < response.length; ++i) {
ret[i] = object.unwrapQObject(response[i]);
}
return ret;
}
if (!response
|| !response["__QObject*__"]
|| response.id === undefined) {
return response;
}
var objectId = response.id;
if (webChannel.objects[objectId])
return webChannel.objects[objectId];
if (!response.data) {
console.error("Cannot unwrap unknown QObject " + objectId + " without data.");
return;
}
var qObject = new QObject( objectId, response.data, webChannel );
qObject.destroyed.connect(function() {
if (webChannel.objects[objectId] === qObject) {
delete webChannel.objects[objectId];
// reset the now deleted QObject to an empty {} object
// just assigning {} though would not have the desired effect, but the
// below also ensures all external references will see the empty map
// NOTE: this detour is necessary to workaround QTBUG-40021
var propertyNames = [];
for (var propertyName in qObject) {
propertyNames.push(propertyName);
}
for (var idx in propertyNames) {
delete qObject[propertyNames[idx]];
}
}
});
// here we are already initialized, and thus must directly unwrap the properties
qObject.unwrapProperties();
return qObject;
}
this.unwrapProperties = function()
{
for (var propertyIdx in object.__propertyCache__) {
object.__propertyCache__[propertyIdx] = object.unwrapQObject(object.__propertyCache__[propertyIdx]);
}
}
function addSignal(signalData, isPropertyNotifySignal)
{
var signalName = signalData[0];
var signalIndex = signalData[1];
object[signalName] = {
connect: function(callback) {
if (typeof(callback) !== "function") {
console.error("Bad callback given to connect to signal " + signalName);
return;
}
object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex] = object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex] || [];
object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex].push(callback);
if (!isPropertyNotifySignal && signalName !== "destroyed") {
// only required for "pure" signals, handled separately for properties in propertyUpdate
// also note that we always get notified about the destroyed signal
webChannel.exec({
type: QWebChannelMessageTypes.connectToSignal,
object: object.__id__,
signal: signalIndex
});
}
},
disconnect: function(callback) {
if (typeof(callback) !== "function") {
console.error("Bad callback given to disconnect from signal " + signalName);
return;
}
object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex] = object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex] || [];
var idx = object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex].indexOf(callback);
if (idx === -1) {
console.error("Cannot find connection of signal " + signalName + " to " + callback.name);
return;
}
object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex].splice(idx, 1);
if (!isPropertyNotifySignal && object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex].length === 0) {
// only required for "pure" signals, handled separately for properties in propertyUpdate
webChannel.exec({
type: QWebChannelMessageTypes.disconnectFromSignal,
object: object.__id__,
signal: signalIndex
});
}
}
};
}
/**
* Invokes all callbacks for the given signalname. Also works for property notify callbacks.
*/
function invokeSignalCallbacks(signalName, signalArgs)
{
var connections = object.__objectSignals__[signalName];
if (connections) {
connections.forEach(function(callback) {
callback.apply(callback, signalArgs);
});
}
}
this.propertyUpdate = function(signals, propertyMap)
{
// update property cache
for (var propertyIndex in propertyMap) {
var propertyValue = propertyMap[propertyIndex];
object.__propertyCache__[propertyIndex] = propertyValue;
}
for (var signalName in signals) {
// Invoke all callbacks, as signalEmitted() does not. This ensures the
// property cache is updated before the callbacks are invoked.
invokeSignalCallbacks(signalName, signals[signalName]);
}
}
this.signalEmitted = function(signalName, signalArgs)
{
invokeSignalCallbacks(signalName, signalArgs);
}
function addMethod(methodData)
{
var methodName = methodData[0];
var methodIdx = methodData[1];
object[methodName] = function() {
var args = [];
var callback;
for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; ++i) {
if (typeof arguments[i] === "function")
callback = arguments[i];
else
args.push(arguments[i]);
}
webChannel.exec({
"type": QWebChannelMessageTypes.invokeMethod,
"object": object.__id__,
"method": methodIdx,
"args": args
}, function(response) {
if (response !== undefined) {
var result = object.unwrapQObject(response);
if (callback) {
(callback)(result);
}
}
});
};
}
function bindGetterSetter(propertyInfo)
{
var propertyIndex = propertyInfo[0];
var propertyName = propertyInfo[1];
var notifySignalData = propertyInfo[2];
// initialize property cache with current value
// NOTE: if this is an object, it is not directly unwrapped as it might
// reference other QObject that we do not know yet
object.__propertyCache__[propertyIndex] = propertyInfo[3];
if (notifySignalData) {
if (notifySignalData[0] === 1) {
// signal name is optimized away, reconstruct the actual name
notifySignalData[0] = propertyName + "Changed";
}
addSignal(notifySignalData, true);
}
Object.defineProperty(object, propertyName, {
configurable: true,
get: function () {
var propertyValue = object.__propertyCache__[propertyIndex];
if (propertyValue === undefined) {
// This shouldn't happen
console.warn("Undefined value in property cache for property \"" + propertyName + "\" in object " + object.__id__);
}
return propertyValue;
},
set: function(value) {
if (value === undefined) {
console.warn("Property setter for " + propertyName + " called with undefined value!");
return;
}
object.__propertyCache__[propertyIndex] = value;
webChannel.exec({
"type": QWebChannelMessageTypes.setProperty,
"object": object.__id__,
"property": propertyIndex,
"value": value
});
}
});
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
data.methods.forEach(addMethod);
data.properties.forEach(bindGetterSetter);
data.signals.forEach(function(signal) { addSignal(signal, false); });
for (var name in data.enums) {
object[name] = data.enums[name];
}
}
//required for use with nodejs
if (typeof module === 'object') {
module.exports = {
QWebChannel: QWebChannel
};
}
四、其他
应用过程中会遇到编码问题,这里统一用utf-8编码,注意项目中的三处代码:
(1)main.cpp文件:QTextCodec::setCodecForLocale(QTextCodec::codecForName("utf-8"));
(2)JsWidget.h文件:#pragma execution_character_set("utf-8")
(3)html文件:<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
五、项目下载
完整的项目源码 下载地址:
http://download.youkuaiyun.com/detail/sharetm/9757314