02- Restful API（maven项目）

1.新建一个普通Maven工程

        

完成后目录结构如下：

 

 

2.在pom文件中加入对Spring-Boot的依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"

         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.longqiu</groupId>

    <artifactId>RestfullAPI</artifactId>

    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>

        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>

        <version>1.4.1.RELEASE</version>

        <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->

    </parent>

    <properties>

        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

        <java.version>1.8</java.version>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>

            <scope>test</scope>

        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>

        <plugins>

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>

            </plugin>

        </plugins>

    </build>

</project>

3.新建Controller来接收客户端的请求，在建之前我们先建包，如果想让包上下关系分明需要做下设置

            

      把这个勾去掉即可，建包如下

       

    在controler下新建UserController ：

                

 

 

@RestController

@RequestMapping(value="/user")

public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)

    public String user(){

        return "hello world!";

    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/get/{username}",method = RequestMethod.GET)

    public String get(@PathVariable String username){

        return "welcome," + username;

    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/login",method = RequestMethod.GET)

    public String login(@RequestParam String username,@RequestParam String pwd){

        return "user:" + username + ",password:" + pwd;

    }

}

4.在model下新建启动Restful服务端的启动类MappRunApplication

         

package com.study.model;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class MappRunApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MappRunApplication.class, args);
    }
}

         

使用Spring的MockMvc框架构建单元测试  选中UserController 创建test

        

        

package com.study.model.controler;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.RequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

这几个包要注意：如果不这样引入包，get、content、status会报错，也可以直接用父类名.什么来调用那样更清晰明了
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserControllerTest {
    private MockMvc mvc;
    @Before
    public void setup(){
        this.mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new UserController()).build();
    }
    @Test
    public void contextLoads() throws Exception{
        RequestBuilder request = get("/user");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().string("hello world!"));
        request = get("/user/get/qxl");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().string("welcome,qxl"));
        request = get("/user/login").param("username","qxl").param("pwd","123456");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().string("user:qxl,password:123456"));
    }
}

5.运行MappRunApplication的时候

       

@PathVariable   应这样输入参数

       http://localhost:8080/user/get/xiao  有可能访问不到

       原因：可能是版本问题，映射不成功

       应该要这样写：

        

@RequestMapping(value="/get/{username}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String get(@PathVariable("username") String username){
    return "welcome," + username;
}

@RequestParam的参数拼写

    http://localhost:8080/user/login?username=xi&pwd=123

通过 @PathVariable 可以将 URL 中占位符参数绑定到控制器处理方法的入参中：URL 中的 {xxx} 占位符可以通过@PathVariable(“xxx“) 绑定到操作方法的入参中。

      @RequestParam是传递参数的.

@RequestParam用于将请求参数区数据映射到功能处理方法的参数上。