vscode配置C++编译环境过程(Windows)

本文详细介绍了如何使用MinGW编辑器进行C/C++编程,并在VSCode中配置环境,包括解决gdb安装问题,设置launch.json、tasks.json及c_cpp_properties.json等配置文件,以实现代码编译和调试。

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一.下载MinGW编辑器

教程:https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_19875391/article/details/48037951

遇到的问题:

可能gdb会安装不下来,就需要另外安装gdb

链接:https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MinGW/Extension/gdb/gdb-7.6.1-1/

选择下载次数最多的就可以

然后解压两次出来一个bin和share文件夹,然后把这两个文件夹里面的文件移到MinGW的bin和share文件夹下

添加MinGW的bin目录到环境变量

然后再cmd中输入gdb和gcc,测试是否成功

 

二.配置vscode

教程:https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/bat67/article/details/76095813

配置文件:
launch.json

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "(gdb) Launch",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            // fileBasenameNoExtension
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,//是否显示控制台
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "C:\\MinGW\\bin\\gdb.exe",
            "preLaunchTask": "g++",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

tasks.json

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "command": "g++",
    "args": ["-g","${file}","-o","${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"],    // 编译命令参数
    "problemMatcher": {
        "owner": "cpp",
        "fileLocation": ["relative", "${workspaceFolder}"],
        "pattern": {
            "regexp": "^(.*):(\\d+):(\\d+):\\s+(warning|error):\\s+(.*)$",
            "file": 1,
            "line": 2,
            "column": 3,
            "severity": 4,
            "message": 5
        }
    }
}

c_cpp_properties.json

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceRoot}",
                "C:\\MinGW\\lib\\gcc\\mingw32\\8.2.0\\include\\c++",
                "C:\\MinGW\\lib\\gcc\\mingw32\\8.2.0\\include\\c++\\mingw32",
                "C:\\MinGW\\lib\\gcc\\mingw32\\8.2.0\\include\\c++\\backward",
                "C:\\MinGW\\lib\\gcc\\mingw32\\8.2.0\\include",
                "C:\\MinGW\\lib\\gcc\\mingw32\\8.2.0\\include\\c++\\tr1",
                "C:\\MinGW\\include"
            ],
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE",
                "__GNUC__=6",
                "__cdecl=__attribute__((__cdecl__))"
            ],
            "intelliSenseMode": "msvc-x64",
            "browse": {
                "path": [
                    "${workspaceRoot}",
                    "C:\\MinGW\\lib\\gcc\\mingw32\\8.2.0\\include\\c++",
                    "C:\\MinGW\\lib\\gcc\\mingw32\\8.2.0\\include\\c++\\mingw32",
                    "C:\\MinGW\\lib\\gcc\\mingw32\\8.2.0\\include\\c++\\backward",
                    "C:\\MinGW\\lib\\gcc\\mingw32\\8.2.0\\include",
                    "C:\\MinGW\\lib\\gcc\\mingw32\\8.2.0\\include\\c++\\tr1",
                    "C:\\MinGW\\include"
                ],
                "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,
                "databaseFilename": ""
            }
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

 

### 配置Visual Studio Code中的C++编译器和调试环境 #### 插件安装 为了使Visual Studio Code能够支持C/C++开发,需要先安装官方提供的C/C++插件。这可以通过打开命令面板 (`Ctrl+Shift+P`) 并输入`Extensions: Install Extension`来实现,在搜索框内键入"C/C++"找到由Microsoft发布的扩展程序进行安装[^1]。 #### 编译工具链的选择与安装 对于Windows平台而言,推荐采用MinGW-w64作为本地的GCC套件,因为它提供了g++,gcc以及GDB等必要的编译链接工具。可以从官方网站获取最新版本并按照向导完成安装过程;另外也可以考虑使用MSYS2项目下的预构建二进制包来进行更简便快捷地部署[^2]。 #### 设置launch.json文件用于启动配置 创建`.vscode/launch.json` 文件以定义不同的调试场景。这里给出一个简单的例子针对上述提到的标准输出程序: ```json { "version": "0.2.0", "configurations": [ { "name": "(gdb) Launch", "type": "cppdbg", "request": "launch", "program": "${workspaceFolder}/a.exe", "args": [], "stopAtEntry": false, "cwd": "${fileDirname}", "environment": [], "externalConsole": true, "MIMode": "gdb", "miDebuggerPath": "/path/to/gdb", // 如果不是默认路径则需指定GDB的位置 "setupCommands": [ { "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb", "text": "-enable-pretty-printing", "ignoreFailures": true } ], "preLaunchTask": "build" } ] } ``` 此JSON对象描述了一个名为`(gdb) Launch` 的调试会话,其中指定了要执行的目标可执行文件(`${workspaceFolder}/a.exe`)以及其他参数如工作目录(`cwd`)、是否开启外部控制台窗口(`externalConsole`)等选项[^3]。 #### 构建任务设定tasks.json 同样位于`.vscode/tasks.json`, 此处用来声明如何调用编译器生成最终产物: ```json { "version": "2.0.0", "tasks": [ { "label": "build", "type": "shell", "command": "g++", "args": [ "-g", "${relativeFile}", "-o", "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe" ], "group": { "kind": "build", "isDefault": true }, "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"], "detail": "Generated task to build the active file." } ] } ``` 这段代码片段展示了怎样通过调用`g++` 来编译当前活动文档,并将其保存为同名但带有`.exe` 后缀的结果文件。同时设置了错误匹配模式以便于识别编译过程中可能出现的问题报告。
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