linux/unix rules for naming file and directory

Linux / UNIX: Rules For Naming File And Directory Names

by  VIVEK GITE  on  FEBRUARY 17, 2006 last updated DECEMBER 29, 2009

in  FEDORA LINUX,  FILE SYSTEM,  FREEBSD,  LINUX,  UNIX

Can you specify rules for naming file and directory names under Linux and UNIX operating systems?

Following are general rules for both Linux, and Unix (including *BSD) like systems:

1. All file names are case sensitive. So filename vivek.txt Vivek.txt VIVEK.txt all are three different files.
2. You can use upper and lowercase letters, numbers, “.” (dot), and “_” (underscore) symbols.
   
3. You can use other special characters such as blank space, but they are hard to use and it is better to avoid them.
4. In short, filenames may contain any character except / (root directory), which is reserved as the separator between files and directories in a pathname. You cannot use the null character.
5. No need to use . (dot) in a filename. Some time dot improves readability of filenames. And you can use dot based filename extension to identify file. For example:
   • .sh = Shell file
   • .tar.gz = Compressed archive
6. Most modern Linux and UNIX limit filename to 255 characters (255 bytes). However, some older version of UNIX system limits filenames to 14 characters only.
7. A filename must be unique inside its directory. For example, inside /home/vivek directory you cannot create a demo.txt file and demo.txt directory name. However, other directory may have files with the same names. For example, you can create demo.txt directory in /tmp.

Linux / UNIX: Reserved Characters And Words

Avoid using the following characters from appearing in file names:

1. /
2. >
3. <
4. |
5. :
6. &

Please note that Linux and UNIX allows white spaces, <, >, |, \, :, (, ), &, ;, as well as wildcards such as ? and *, to be quoted or escaped using \ symbol.

See also:

• Understanding UNIX/Linux file system