Ubuntu应用拓展（8）——qemu虚拟机挂载运行

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最新推荐文章于 2025-04-22 11:22:24 发布

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分类专栏： RK3399 文件系统文章标签： ubuntu 运维 linux

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/scottmvp/article/details/120953874

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本文详细介绍了如何在 RK3399 平台上挂载并扩容 Ubuntu 18.04 文件系统镜像。首先通过 `dd` 命令增加镜像容量，接着使用 `e2fsck` 和 `resize2fs` 进行扩展。随后，在 QEMU 的 arm 虚拟机中挂载扩容后的镜像，并通过 `chroot` 切换到目标文件系统。在虚拟机内部，更新系统源，安装 `locales` 和 `libqt5charts5-dev` 等软件包，以便于编译应用程序。整个过程详尽展示了从扩容到在虚拟环境中运行的完整步骤。

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平台：RK3399
系统：Ubuntu18.04

挂载文件系统

源码解读：
OK3399-desktop-release								//飞凌释放的Ubuntu系统源码
OK3399-desktop-release/build_ubuntu.sh				//编译Ubuntu的脚本
OK3399-desktop-release/rootfs/ubuntu.img			//Ubuntu文件系统镜像

挂载镜像

sudo mount rootfs/ubuntu.img rootfs/target

查看分区情况，可见文件系统镜像挂载的分区空余容量已经没有了，这个和我们制作镜像的手法相关，所以我们需要先卸载刚才挂载的镜像，并对镜像进行扩容，然后才能挂载使用。

OK3399-desktop-release$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
overlay          22T  9.5T   12T  46% /
tmpfs            64M     0   64M   0% /dev
tmpfs            32G     0   32G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sdb1        22T  9.5T   12T  46% /etc/hosts
shm              64M     0   64M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/loop0      3.1G  3.0G     0 100% /home/forlinx/work/OK3399-linux-source/OK3399-desktop-release/rootfs/target

镜像扩容

我们追加4000M的空余容量给我们的镜像

dd if=/dev/zero of=./add.img bs=1M count=4000
cat add.img >> rootfs/ubuntu.img
e2fsck -f rootfs/ubuntu.img
resize2fs rootfs/ubuntu.img

使用fdisk -lu查看镜像信息

OK3399-desktop-release$ fdisk -lu rootfs/ubuntu.img
Disk rootfs/ubuntu.img: 7 GiB, 7549747200 bytes, 14745600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

启动arm虚拟机

重新挂载镜像

OK3399-desktop-release$ sudo mount rootfs/ubuntu.img rootfs/target

OK3399-desktop-release$ ls rootfs/target/
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  include  lib  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  share  srv  sys  system  tmp  usr  var

执行如下指令，使用chroot命令切换到指定的根文件系统目录，启动arm虚拟机qemu-aarch64-static：

TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR="$PWD/rootfs/target"

if [ ! -e /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static ];then
        echo "please install qemu-aarch64-static!!!"
        sudo umount $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/dev
        exit -1
fi

sudo mount -o bind /dev $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/dev

sudo chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR

执行完就进入到新指定的文件系统根目录：

root@d25935313377:/# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  include  lib  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  share  srv  sys  system  tmp  usr  var

现在我们就可以安装一些基础版文件系统没有安装的工具和软件了：

更新Ubuntu的源：
mv /var/lib/apt/lists /var/lib/apt/lists.old
mkdir -p /var/lib/apt/lists/partial
apt-get update -y
apt-get upgrade -y

安装工具

安装locales之类的工具

root@d25935313377:/# apt-get install locales
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  locales
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 21 not upgraded.
Need to get 3611 kB of archives.
After this operation, 14.5 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic-updates/main arm64 locales all 2.27-3ubuntu1.4 [3611 kB]
Fetched 3611 kB in 3s (1350 kB/s)
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
E: Can not write log (Is /dev/pts mounted?) - posix_openpt (2: No such file or directory)
Selecting previously unselected package locales.
(Reading database ... 110532 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../locales_2.27-3ubuntu1.4_all.deb ...
Unpacking locales (2.27-3ubuntu1.4) ...
Setting up locales (2.27-3ubuntu1.4) ...
Generating locales (this might take a while)...
Generation complete.
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ...
qemu: Unsupported syscall: 277

root@d25935313377:/# locale
locale        locale-check  locale-gen    localectl     localedef

编译应用程序

cp OK3399-Test rootfs/target/tmp -rf		//拷贝我们的应用程序到qemu虚拟机中

root@d25935313377:/# ls tmp/
OK3399-Test

root@d25935313377:/# cd tmp/OK3399-Test/
root@d25935313377:/tmp/OK3399-Test# qmake
Info: creating stash file /tmp/OK3399-Test/.qmake.stash
Project ERROR: Unknown module(s) in QT: charts

安装缺少的qt模块

root@d25935313377:/tmp/OK3399-Test# apt-get install libqt5charts5-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libqt5charts5
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libqt5charts5 libqt5charts5-dev
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 21 not upgraded.
Need to get 328 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1765 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/universe arm64 libqt5charts5 arm64 5.9.5-0ubuntu1 [307 kB]
Get:2 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports bionic/universe arm64 libqt5charts5-dev arm64 5.9.5-0ubuntu1 [21.9 kB]
Fetched 328 kB in 2s (164 kB/s)
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
E: Can not write log (Is /dev/pts mounted?) - posix_openpt (2: No such file or directory)
Selecting previously unselected package libqt5charts5:arm64.
(Reading database ... 111150 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libqt5charts5_5.9.5-0ubuntu1_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking libqt5charts5:arm64 (5.9.5-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt5charts5-dev:arm64.
Preparing to unpack .../libqt5charts5-dev_5.9.5-0ubuntu1_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking libqt5charts5-dev:arm64 (5.9.5-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libqt5charts5:arm64 (5.9.5-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libqt5charts5-dev:arm64 (5.9.5-0ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1.4) ...

再编译就没有问题了。

root@d25935313377:/tmp/OK3399-Test# qmake
root@d25935313377:/tmp/OK3399-Test# make