Struts（5）简单实例HelloWorld

最新推荐文章于 2020-05-23 03:21:28 发布

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本文指导如何使用Struts2框架快速搭建一个简单的Web应用，通过创建Action类、视图JSP和配置文件，实现了用户输入姓名并显示个性化问候的功能。

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前面我们已经学习了Struts2 的架构，当点击一个超链接或提交一个HTML表单在Struts2 的 Web应用程序，输入所收集被发送到一个 Java 类称为操作控制器。当动作执行后，结果选择了一个资源来呈现响应。资源通常是一个 JSP ，但它也可以是一个PDF文件， Excel 电子表格，或一个Java applet 窗口。

假设已经建立开发环境。现在让我们继续为第一个 “Hello World” 的 struts2 项目构建。这个项目的目的是建立一个Web应用程序，它收集用户的姓名，并显示“Hello World” 用户名。我们将创建任何Struts2项目的四个组成部分：

SN	组件和说明
1	Action Create an action class which will contain complete business logic and conrol the interaction between the user, the model, and the view.
2	Interceptors Create interceptors if required, or use existing interceptors. This is part of Controller.
3	View Create a JSPs to interact with the user to take input and to present the final messages.
4	Configuration Files Create configuration files to couple the Action, View and Controllers. These files are struts.xml, web.xml, struts.properties.

我打算使用Eclipse IDE，所以所有必需的组件将创建一个动态Web项目下。所以，让我们开始创建动态Web项目。

创建动态Web项目：

启动Eclipse，然后再 File > New > Dynamic Web Project 输入工程名称为 HelloWorldStruts2 并设置屏幕中给出其余的选项：

选择在接下来的画面中的所有默认选项和最后检查 Generate Web.xml deployment descriptor 选项. 这将创建一个动态Web项目在Eclipse。现在去 Windows > Show View > Project Explorer, 会看到项目窗口的东西如下：

现在复制下列文件从struts 2 lib 文件夹 C:\struts-2.2.3\lib 到工程 WEB-INF\lib 文件夹，要做到这一点，你可以简单地将以下的所有文件拖放复制到WEB-INF \ lib文件夹。

commons-fileupload-x.y.z.jar
commons-io-x.y.z.jar
commons-lang-x.y.jar
commons-logging-x.y.z.jar
commons-logging-api-x.y.jar
freemarker-x.y.z.jar
javassist-.xy.z.GA
ognl-x.y.z.jar
struts2-core-x.y.z.jar
xwork-core.x.y.z.jar

创建动作类：

Action类是 Struts2 应用程序的关键，我们实现的大部分动作类中的业务逻辑。因此，让我们创建一个Java文件HelloWorldAction.java Java Resources > src 在下面给出的内容包名 com.yiibai.struts2 。

Action类响应用户操作，当用户点击一个URL。 Action类中的方法中的一个或多个被执行并返回一个字符串结果。基于结果的值，一个特定的JSP页面的呈现方式。

<span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">package</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> com</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">yiibai</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">struts2</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

</span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">class</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">HelloWorldAction</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">private</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> execute</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">()</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">throws</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Exception</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"success"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   
   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> getName</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">()</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> setName</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">this</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span>

这是一个非常简单的类，一个名为“name”属性。我们有标准的“name”属性的getter和setter方法，并返回字符串“success”的执行方法。

Struts2框架将创建一个对象HelloWorldAction类并调用执行方法在响应用户的动作。把业务逻辑里面的execute方法，最后返回的字符串常量。简单地说为每个网址，必须执行一个动作类，要么就可以直接使用这个类的名称作为操作名，也可以使用struts.xml文件如下所示映射到一些其他的名字。

创建视图

我们需要一个JSP提交最后的消息，这个页面会被称为Struts2框架一个预定义的动作时，会发生这种映射将被定义在struts.xml文件。因此，让我们一起创造在Eclipse项目在WebContent文件夹下面的jsp文件helloWorld.jsp。要做到这一点，右键单击WebContent文件夹在项目资源管理器，选择New >JSP File。 .

<span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><%@</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> page contentType</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"text/html; charset=UTF-8"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> %>
</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><%@</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> taglib prefix</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"s"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> uri</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"/struts-tags"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> %>
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><html></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><head></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><title></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Hello World</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></title></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></head></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><body></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   Hello World, </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><s:property</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">value</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"name"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></body></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></html></span>

taglib指令告诉Servlet容器，这个页面将使用Struts 2的标签，这些标签将之前由s。 s:property标签显示动作类属性"name> HelloWorldAction类的getName()方法返回的值。

创建主页：

我们还需要在WebContent文件夹中创建的index.jsp。该文件将作为初始动作URL，用户可以在其中点击告诉Struts 2框架调用 HelloWorldAction类定义的方法呈现 helloWorld.jsp 视图。

<span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><%@</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> page language</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"java"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> contentType</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   pageEncoding</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"ISO-8859-1"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">%>
</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><%@</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> taglib prefix</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"s"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> uri</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"/struts-tags"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">%>
   </span><span class="dec" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><html></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><head></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><title></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Hello World</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></title></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></head></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><body></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h1></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Hello World From Struts2</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></h1></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><form</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">action</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"hello"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><label</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">for</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"name"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Please enter your name</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></label><br/></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><input</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">type</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"text"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"name"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><input</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">type</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"submit"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">value</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"Say Hello"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></form></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></body></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></html></span>

Hello 动作定义在上面的视图文件将被映射到HelloWorldAction类和其执行方法使用struts.xml文件。当用户点击“提交”按钮，将导致Struts2框架运行的执行方法定义的在其中，HelloWorldAction类根据返回值的方法，将相应的视图选择和渲染作为响应。

配置文件

我们需要一个映射，以配合网址，HelloWorldAction类（模型），和的helloWorld.jsp的（视图）。映射讲述了Struts 2框架类将响应用户的操作（URL），这个类的方法将被执行，查看渲染基于字符串结果，该方法返回。

因此，让我们创建一个名为struts.xml中。由于Struts2 要求struts.xml中存在类“文件夹中。因此，创建struts.xml文件的WebContent/ WEB-INF/classes文件夹下。 Eclipse不创建“classes”文件夹，所以需要自己做。要做到这一点，在项目资源管理器的WEB-INF文件夹上点击右键并选择New > Folder。struts.xml中应该像这样：

<span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><?</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">xml version</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"1.0"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> encoding</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"UTF-8"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">?></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="dec" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
   "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
   "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><struts></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><constant</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"struts.devMode"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">value</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"true"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><package</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"helloworld"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">extends</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"struts-default"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
     
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><action</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"hello"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
            </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">class</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"com.yiibai.struts2.HelloWorldAction"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
            </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">method</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"execute"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
            </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><result</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"success"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/HelloWorld.jsp</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></result></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></action></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></package></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></struts></span>

上面的配置文件的几句话。在这里，我们设置为 true常量struts.devMode，因为我们正在程序开发环境，我们需要看到一些有用的日志消息。然后，我们定义了一个名为HelloWorld 包。创建一个包是有用的，当想一起进行分组动作。在我们的例子中，我们将我们的行动命名为“hello”，这是相应的URL /hello.action 和备份HelloWorldAction.class。执行HelloWorldAction.class方法是运行时URL /hello.action 调用的方法。如果执行方法的结果返回“success”，然后我们把用户到 helloWorld.jsp。

下一步是创建一个web.xml文件，这是一个Struts2的任何请求的入口点。Struts2应用程序的入口点，将是一个部署描述符（web.xml）中定义的过滤器。因此，我们将定义在web.xml中条目oforg.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher类。 web.xml文件中需要创建的WEB-INF文件夹下的WebContent下。已经建立的Eclipse的web.xml文件时为创建项目。所以，让我们只需要修改如下：

<span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><?</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">xml version</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"1.0"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> encoding</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"UTF-8"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">?></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><web-app</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">xmlns:xsi</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">xmlns</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
   </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">xmlns:web</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">xsi:schemaLocation</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
   http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">id</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"WebApp_ID"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">version</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"3.0"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><display-name></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Struts 2</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></display-name></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><welcome-file-list></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><welcome-file></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">index.jsp</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></welcome-file></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></welcome-file-list></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><filter></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><filter-name></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">struts2</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></filter-name></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><filter-class></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
         org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></filter-class></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></filter></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><filter-mapping></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><filter-name></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">struts2</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></filter-name></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><url-pattern></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/*</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></url-pattern></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></filter-mapping></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></web-app></span>

我们已经指定index.jsp的欢迎文件。然后，我们已经配置Struts2的过滤器上运行的所有URL（即任何URL匹配模式/ *）

启用详细日志：

可以启用完整的日志记录功能，而Struts 2的WEB-INF/classes下文件夹创建logging.properties文件。保持在属性文件中的以下两行：

<span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
org</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">apache</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">catalina</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">core</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ContainerBase</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.[</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Catalina</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">].</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">level </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> INFO
org</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">apache</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">catalina</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">core</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ContainerBase</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.[</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Catalina</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">].</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">handlers </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> \
                              java</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">util</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">logging</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ConsoleHandler</span>

默认logging.properties指定ConsoleHandler的路由记录到stdout，也是一个文件处理器。处理程序的日志级别阈值可以设置使用 SEVERE, WARNING, INFO, CONFIG, FINE, FINER, FINEST 或 ALL.

就是这样。我们已经准备好使用Struts 2框架来运行我们的Hello World应用程序。

执行应用程序

右键点击项目名称，并单击 Export > WAR File文件创建一个WAR文件。然后部署在Tomcat 的 webapps目录下这个WAR。最后，启动Tomcat 服务器和尝试访问URL http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp。这会给出以下画面：

输入一个值“Struts2”，并提交页面。应该看到页面如下：

注意，可以定义索引struts.xml文件中的动作，在这种情况下，可以调用索引页http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.action。下面检查如何定义指数作为一个动作：

<span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><?</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">xml version</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"1.0"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> encoding</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"UTF-8"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">?></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="dec" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
   "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
   "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><struts></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><constant</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"struts.devMode"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">value</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"true"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><package</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"helloworld"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">extends</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"struts-default"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><action</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"index"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
            </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><result</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/index.jsp</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></result></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></action></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><action</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"hello"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
            </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">class</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"com.yiibai.struts2.HelloWorldAction"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
            </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">method</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"execute"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
            </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><result</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"success"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/HelloWorld.jsp</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></result></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></action></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></package></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></struts></span>

<span style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);"></span>