Struts（7）Action动作

最新推荐文章于 2021-01-06 22:44:06 发布

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深入探讨Struts2框架中动作的核心作用，包括请求处理、数据传输与视图渲染，详细阐述创建动作的方法及注意事项。

动作是Struts2框架的核心，因为他们的任何MVC（模型 - 视图 - 控制器）框架。每个URL将被映射到一个特定的动作，它提供了来自用户的请求提供服务所需的处理逻辑。

但动作也提供其他两个重要的能力。首先，操作从请求数据的传输中起着重要的作用，通过向视图，无论是一个JSP或其它类型的结果。二，动作必须协助的框架，在确定结果应该渲染视图，在响应该请求将被退回。

创建动作：

在Struts2的动作，唯一的要求是必须有一个无参数的方法返回String或结果的对象，必须是一个POJO。如果不带参数的方法是不指定，则默认动作是使用execute()方法。

也可以选择扩展ActionSupport类实现了6个接口，包括动作界面。动作界面如下：

<span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">interface</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Action</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">static</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">final</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> SUCCESS </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"success"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">static</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">final</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> NONE </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"none"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">static</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">final</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> ERROR </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"error"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">static</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">final</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> INPUT </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"input"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">static</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">final</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> LOGIN </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"login"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> execute</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">()</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">throws</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Exception</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span>

让我们来看看Hello World示例的操作方法：

<span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">package</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> com</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">yiibai</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">struts2</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

</span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">class</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">HelloWorldAction</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">private</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> execute</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">()</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">throws</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Exception</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"success"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   
   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> getName</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">()</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> setName</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">this</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span>

为了说明这一点，操作方法控制视图，让我们做出以下更改执行方法和扩展类ActionSupport 如下：

<span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">package</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> com</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">yiibai</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">struts2</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

</span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">import</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> com</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">opensymphony</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">xwork2</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ActionSupport</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

</span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">class</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">HelloWorldAction</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">extends</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ActionSupport</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">private</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> execute</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">()</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">throws</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Exception</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"SECRET"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">equals</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">))</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
         </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> SUCCESS</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">else</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
         </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> ERROR</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">  
      </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   
   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> getName</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">()</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> setName</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">this</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span>

在这个例子中，我们有一些在execute方法的逻辑来看待的name属性。如果属性等于字符串“SECRET”，我们返回SUCCESS 的结果，否则我们返回ERROR 的结果。因为我们已经扩展ActionSupport，所以我们可以使用字符串常量的成功和错误。现在，让我们修改我们的struts.xml文件如下：

<span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><?</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">xml version</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"1.0"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> encoding</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"UTF-8"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">?></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="dec" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
   "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
   "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><struts></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><constant</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"struts.devMode"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">value</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"true"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><package</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"helloworld"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">extends</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"struts-default"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
         </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><action</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"hello"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
            </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">class</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"com.yiibai.struts2.HelloWorldAction"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
            </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">method</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"execute"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
            </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><result</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"success"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/HelloWorld.jsp</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></result></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
            </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><result</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"error"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/AccessDenied.jsp</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></result></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
         </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></action></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></package></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></struts></span>

创建视图

让我们创建以下JSP文件 helloWorld.jsp 的WebContent文件夹在eclipse项目。要做到这一点，右键单击WebContent文件夹在项目资源管理器，选择New >JSP File。该文件将要求返回的结果是SUCCESS，这是一个字符串常量“success”的定义在动作界面：

<span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><%@</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> page contentType</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"text/html; charset=UTF-8"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> %>
</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><%@</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> taglib prefix</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"s"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> uri</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"/struts-tags"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> %>
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><html></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><head></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><title></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Hello World</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></title></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></head></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><body></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   Hello World, </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><s:property</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">value</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"name"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></body></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></html></span>

以下是由框架的动作的结果将被调用的文件，该文件是等于字符串常量“错误”的ERROR 。以下是AccessDenied.jsp 的内容

<span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><%@</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> page contentType</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"text/html; charset=UTF-8"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> %>
</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><%@</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> taglib prefix</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"s"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> uri</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"/struts-tags"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> %>
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><html></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><head></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><title></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Access Denied</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></title></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></head></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><body></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   You are not authorized to view this page.
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></body></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></html></span>

我们还需要在WebContent文件夹中创建index.jsp。该文件将作为初始动作URL，用户可以直接点击告诉Struts 2框架调用HelloWorldAction类的 execute方法，并呈现 helloWorld.jsp视图。

<span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><%@</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> page language</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"java"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> contentType</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   pageEncoding</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"ISO-8859-1"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">%>
</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><%@</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> taglib prefix</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"s"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> uri</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"/struts-tags"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">%>
   </span><span class="dec" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><html></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><head></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><title></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Hello World</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></title></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></head></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><body></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h1></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Hello World From Struts2</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></h1></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><form</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">action</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"hello"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><label</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">for</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"name"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Please enter your name</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></label><br/></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><input</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">type</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"text"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"name"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><input</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">type</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"submit"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">value</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"Say Hello"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></form></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></body></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></html></span>

就是这样，不需要改变的web.xml文件，所以让我们用同一个web.xml，是之前我们已经创建了范例章。现在，我们已经准备好运行使用Struts 2框架的 Hello World应用程序。

执行应用程序

右键点击项目名称，并单击 Export > WAR File 创建一个WAR文件。然后在Tomcat 的webapps目录下部署这个WAR。最后，启动Tomcat服务器和尝试访问URL http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp。这会给出以下画面：

让我们为“SECRET”，并输入一个字，应该看到以下页面：

现在输入任何单词而非“SECRET”，应该看到以下页面：

建立多个动作：

经常会定义一个以上的动作，以处理不同的请求，并提供不同的用户的URL，因此可以定义不同的类定义如下：

<span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">package</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> com</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">yiibai</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">struts2</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">import</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> com</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">opensymphony</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">xwork2</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ActionSupport</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">class</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">MyAction</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">extends</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ActionSupport</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">static</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> GOOD </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> SUCCESS</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">static</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> BAD </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> ERROR</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">class</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">HelloWorld</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">extends</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ActionSupport</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">...</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> execute</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">()</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
         </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"SECRET"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">equals</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">))</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">MyAction</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">GOOD</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
         </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">MyAction</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">BAD</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">...</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">

   </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">class</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">SomeOtherClass</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">extends</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ActionSupport</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">...</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">String</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> execute</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">()</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">{</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
         </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">MyAction</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">GOOD</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">...</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}</span>

在struts.xml文件中配置这些操作如下：

<span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><?</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">xml version</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"1.0"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> encoding</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"UTF-8"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">?></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="dec" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
struts>
 </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><constant</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"struts.devMode"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">value</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"true"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><package</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"helloworld"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">extends</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"struts-default"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><action</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"hello"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
         </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">class</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"com.yiibai.struts2.HelloWorld"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
         </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">method</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"execute"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
         </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><result</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"success"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/HelloWorld.jsp</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></result></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
         </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><result</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"error"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/AccessDenied.jsp</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></result></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></action></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><action</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"something"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
         </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">class</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"com.yiibai.struts2.SomeOtherClass"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 
         </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">method</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"execute"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
         </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><result</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"success"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/Something.jsp</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></result></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
         </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><result</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="atn" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">=</span><span class="atv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"error"</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/AccessDenied.jsp</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></result></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
      </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></action></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
   </span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></package></span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</span><span class="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></struts></span>

正如看到在上述假设的例子，动作的结果是重复的SUCCESS和ERROR。要解决这个问题，建议创建一个类包含结果的结果。