<think>我们注意到代码中已经定义了一些函数(如add_student,search_student等)但尚未实现。同时,代码中提到了增加创新点。我们可以考虑以下创新点:1.增加学生照片上传和显示功能(代码中已有相片名称和显示照片的框架,但未实现上传和显示)。2.增加数据验证,确保输入的数据有效(如年龄为数字,电话为数字等)。3.增加统计视图,例如使用matplotlib展示学生成绩分布。4.增加用户权限管理(当前只有admin,可以扩展为多用户,不同权限)。由于代码已经很长,我们选择实现以下创新点:-实现照片上传和显示功能:当在tree中选择一条记录时,在左下角显示该学生的照片(假设照片存储在指定目录,且照片名称为相片名称字段的值)。-增加数据验证:在录入和修改时,对年龄、电话和成绩进行数字验证。步骤:1.在数据录入区增加一个“上传照片”按钮,用于选择照片并保存到指定目录(如./photos/),同时将照片名称保存到CSV的“相片名称”列。2.在左下角(标签L13下方)增加一个Label用于显示照片,并实现showjpg函数来显示选中的照片。3.在add_student和update_student函数中加入数据验证。由于原代码中已有照片名称字段和显示照片的标签位置(L13),我们首先实现照片显示功能。修改点:1.在录入区增加一个按钮“上传照片”,点击后打开文件对话框选择照片,将照片复制到./photos/目录下,并将文件名填入一个隐藏的Entry(我们新增一个entry11来存储照片名称,但不显示)或直接使用现有entry?但是现有entry已经满了。我们可以增加一个entry11用于存储照片名称,但不显示出来,然后在录入时将其保存到CSV。由于原代码中已经有12列(包括相片名称),在录入时我们需要收集11个字段(序号自动生成?)和相片名称。我们先调整界面:-在录入区增加一个按钮“上传照片”,点击后选择照片,并将照片复制到指定目录,同时将文件名设置到entry11(新增的用于存储照片名称的输入框,但不可见)中。2.修改add_student函数,将entry11的值(照片名称)也保存。3.修改update_student函数,同样更新照片名称。4.在mouseselect事件中,当选中一条记录时,除了将数据填入各个输入框,还要将相片名称保存到entry11,并调用showjpg显示照片。5.实现showjpg函数:根据照片名称(从entry11获取或从全局变量获取)加载图片并显示在左下角的Label上。由于原代码中已经有一个全局变量jpgname,并在mouseselect中赋值,我们可以利用它。同时,在左下角有一个Label(L13)用于显示照片,但我们需要一个更大的Label来显示图片。因此,我们将L13改为显示文字“相片”,然后在下方放置一个Label用于显示图片(命名为label_img)。具体步骤:1.修改界面,在左下角(原L13下方)添加一个Label用于显示图片,并调整大小。2.在录入区添加按钮“上传照片”,并绑定事件upload_photo。3.实现upload_photo函数:打开文件对话框,选择图片文件,将其复制到./photos/目录(如果目录不存在则创建),然后将文件名(不带路径)设置到entry11(新增的输入框)中。同时,将照片显示在label_img上(预览)。4.新增entry11用于存储照片名称,将其隐藏(不显示在界面上)或者我们可以用一个全局变量来暂存,但为了与现有逻辑一致,我们使用一个隐藏的Entry。由于原代码已经很长,我们尽量保持结构清晰。我们先修改界面,增加一个隐藏的Entry(entry11)用于存储照片名称,位置可以放在不显眼的地方(如y=350,然后设置width=0,这样就不会显示)。然后,在“清空录入区”按钮旁边增加一个“上传照片”按钮。在brows_student函数中,我们读取CSV文件时,最后一列是相片名称。在add_student函数中,我们要获取entry11的值作为照片名称。同时,我们需要在选中记录时,将照片名称设置到entry11中,并显示照片。由于原代码中已经有showjpg的调用,我们实现它。代码修改如下:</think>我注意到您的代码是一个基于Tkinter的学生管理系统,但部分核心功能(如添加、查询、删除和更新学生数据)尚未实现。我将为您补充这些功能,并增加一些创新点。
### 解决方案
以下是完整的实现代码,包含所有核心功能和创新点:
```python
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, messagebox, filedialog
from tkinter import *
import csv
import os
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
# 全局变量
global k, maxrecno, xm, xb, nl, rw, sx, yy, item_id, cr1, image1, image2, image3, label11, jpgname, current_image_path
# 初始化CSV文件
def init_csv():
if not os.path.exists('students.csv'):
with open('students.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerow(['序号', '姓名', '性别', '年龄', '籍贯', '住址', '电话', '语文', '数学', '英语', '总分', '相片名称'])
# 计算总分
def calculate_total():
try:
chinese = float(entry7.get() or 0)
math = float(entry8.get() or 0)
english = float(entry9.get() or 0)
total = chinese + math + english
entry10.delete(0, tk.END)
entry10.insert(0, str(total))
return total
except ValueError:
messagebox.showerror("错误", "成绩必须为数字")
return 0
# 显示照片
def showjpg():
global current_image_path, image1, label11
photo_name = jpgname if 'jpgname' in globals() else ""
if photo_name and os.path.exists(photo_name):
try:
img = Image.open(photo_name)
img = img.resize((100, 120), Image.LANCZOS)
image1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)
label11.configure(image=image1)
label11.image = image1
current_image_path = photo_name
except:
label11.configure(image="")
current_image_path = ""
else:
label11.configure(image="")
current_image_path = ""
# 上传照片
def upload_photo():
global jpgname, current_image_path
file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename(
filetypes=[("Image Files", "*.jpg *.jpeg *.png")]
)
if file_path:
# 创建photos目录如果不存在
if not os.path.exists("photos"):
os.makedirs("photos")
# 保存到photos目录
filename = os.path.basename(file_path)
save_path = os.path.join("photos", filename)
try:
# 复制文件
with open(file_path, 'rb') as src, open(save_path, 'wb') as dst:
dst.write(src.read())
jpgname = save_path
entry11.delete(0, tk.END)
entry11.insert(0, save_path)
showjpg()
except Exception as e:
messagebox.showerror("错误", f"上传照片失败: {str(e)}")
# 录入数据
def add_student():
global maxrecno
name = entry1.get().strip()
gender = entry2.get().strip()
age = entry3.get().strip()
hometown = entry4.get().strip()
address = entry5.get().strip()
phone = entry6.get().strip()
photo = entry11.get().strip()
# 验证必填字段
if not name:
messagebox.showerror("错误", "姓名不能为空")
return
# 计算总分
total = calculate_total()
# 获取最大序号
max_id = 0
if os.path.exists('students.csv'):
with open('students.csv', 'r', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
next(reader, None) # 跳过标题
for row in reader:
if row and row[0].isdigit():
max_id = max(max_id, int(row[0]))
new_id = max_id + 1
# 写入CSV
with open('students.csv', 'a', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerow([
new_id, name, gender, age, hometown, address, phone,
entry7.get(), entry8.get(), entry9.get(), total, photo
])
messagebox.showinfo("成功", "学生信息添加成功")
clear()
brows_student()
# 查询学生
def search_student():
keyword = simpledialog.askstring("查询", "请输入姓名或电话:")
if not keyword:
return
clear1()
found = False
with open('students.csv', 'r', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
next(reader, None) # 跳过标题
i = 1
for row in reader:
if row and (keyword in row[1] or keyword in row[6]):
tree.insert('', i, text=i, values=tuple(row))
i += 1
found = True
if not found:
messagebox.showinfo("查询结果", "未找到匹配的学生")
# 删除学生
def delete_student():
if not hasattr(delete_student, 'item_id') or not delete_student.item_id:
messagebox.showerror("错误", "请先选择要删除的学生")
return
if not messagebox.askyesno("确认", "确定要删除该学生吗?"):
return
# 从Treeview中删除
tree.delete(delete_student.item_id)
# 从CSV中删除
rows = []
with open('students.csv', 'r', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
rows = list(reader)
# 删除对应行
del_id = delete_student.cr1[0]
new_rows = [rows[0]] # 保留标题
for row in rows[1:]:
if row and row[0] != del_id:
new_rows.append(row)
# 重新写入
with open('students.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerows(new_rows)
messagebox.showinfo("成功", "学生信息已删除")
clear()
brows_student()
# 更新学生信息
def update_student():
if not hasattr(update_student, 'item_id') or not update_student.item_id:
messagebox.showerror("错误", "请先选择要修改的学生")
return
# 获取输入值
name = entry1.get().strip()
gender = entry2.get().strip()
age = entry3.get().strip()
hometown = entry4.get().strip()
address = entry5.get().strip()
phone = entry6.get().strip()
photo = entry11.get().strip()
# 验证必填字段
if not name:
messagebox.showerror("错误", "姓名不能为空")
return
# 计算总分
total = calculate_total()
# 读取所有数据
rows = []
with open('students.csv', 'r', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
rows = list(reader)
# 更新对应行
update_id = update_student.cr1[0]
for i, row in enumerate(rows):
if i == 0: # 跳过标题
continue
if row and row[0] == update_id:
rows[i] = [
update_id, name, gender, age, hometown, address, phone,
entry7.get(), entry8.get(), entry9.get(), total, photo
]
break
# 重新写入
with open('students.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerows(rows)
messagebox.showinfo("成功", "学生信息更新成功")
brows_student()
# 浏览学生
def brows_student():
clear1()
if not os.path.exists('students.csv'):
return
with open('students.csv', 'r', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
next(reader, None) # 跳过标题
i = 1
for row in reader:
if row: # 确保行不为空
tree.insert('', i, text=i, values=tuple(row))
i += 1
# 显示统计视图
def show_statistics():
# 创建新窗口
stat_window = tk.Toplevel(window)
stat_window.title("成绩统计视图")
stat_window.geometry('600x400')
# 读取数据
chinese_scores = []
math_scores = []
english_scores = []
if os.path.exists('students.csv'):
with open('students.csv', 'r', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
next(reader, None) # 跳过标题
for row in reader:
if len(row) >= 11:
try:
chinese_scores.append(float(row[7]))
math_scores.append(float(row[8]))
english_scores.append(float(row[9]))
except ValueError:
continue
if not chinese_scores:
tk.Label(stat_window, text="没有数据可显示").pack(pady=20)
return
# 创建图表
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(6, 6))
# 柱状图
subjects = ['语文', '数学', '英语']
averages = [
sum(chinese_scores)/len(chinese_scores),
sum(math_scores)/len(math_scores),
sum(english_scores)/len(english_scores)
]
ax[0].bar(subjects, averages, color=['red', 'green', 'blue'])
ax[0].set_title('各科平均分')
ax[0].set_ylabel('分数')
# 饼图
grade_counts = {'优秀(>=90)': 0, '良好(80-89)': 0, '及格(60-79)': 0, '不及格(<60)': 0}
all_scores = chinese_scores + math_scores + english_scores
for score in all_scores:
if score >= 90:
grade_counts['优秀(>=90)'] += 1
elif score >= 80:
grade_counts['良好(80-89)'] += 1
elif score >= 60:
grade_counts['及格(60-79)'] += 1
else:
grade_counts['不及格(<60)'] += 1
labels = list(grade_counts.keys())
sizes = list(grade_counts.values())
ax[1].pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%', startangle=90)
ax[1].axis('equal')
ax[1].set_title('成绩分布')
# 嵌入图表到Tkinter
canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=stat_window)
canvas.draw()
canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
# 清空输入框
def clear():
entry1.delete(0, tk.END)
entry2.delete(0, tk.END)
entry3.delete(0, tk.END)
entry4.delete(0, tk.END)
entry5.delete(0, tk.END)
entry6.delete(0, tk.END)
entry7.delete(0, tk.END)
entry8.delete(0, tk.END)
entry9.delete(0, tk.END)
entry10.delete(0, tk.END)
entry11.delete(0, tk.END)
label11.configure(image="")
# 清空Treeview
def clear1():
for item in tree.get_children():
tree.delete(item)
# 鼠标选择事件
def mouseselect(event):
global item_id, cr1, jpgname
selected = tree.selection()
if not selected:
return
item_id = selected[0]
cr1 = tree.item(item_id, "values")
# 更新删除和修改的上下文
delete_student.item_id = item_id
delete_student.cr1 = cr1
update_student.item_id = item_id
update_student.cr1 = cr1
# 填充输入框
clear()
entry1.insert(0, cr1[1] if len(cr1) > 1 else "")
entry2.insert(0, cr1[2] if len(cr1) > 2 else "")
entry3.insert(0, cr1[3] if len(cr1) > 3 else "")
entry4.insert(0, cr1[4] if len(cr1) > 4 else "")
entry5.insert(0, cr1[5] if len(cr1) > 5 else "")
entry6.insert(0, cr1[6] if len(cr1) > 6 else "")
entry7.insert(0, cr1[7] if len(cr1) > 7 else "")
entry8.insert(0, cr1[8] if len(cr1) > 8 else "")
entry9.insert(0, cr1[9] if len(cr1) > 9 else "")
entry10.insert(0, cr1[10] if len(cr1) > 10 else "")
entry11.insert(0, cr1[11] if len(cr1) > 11 else "")
jpgname = cr1[11] if len(cr1) > 11 else ""
showjpg()
# 登录函数
def Login():
global k
Name = enterName.get()
Pwd = enterPwd.get()
if Name == 'admin' and Pwd == 'admin':
window.deiconify()
win2.withdraw()
init_csv()
brows_student()
else:
k += 1
if k > 3:
messagebox.showerror('温馨提示', '用户名或密码错误3次,系统将退出')
Cancel()
else:
messagebox.showerror('错误', f'用户名或密码错误,还剩{3-k}次尝试')
# 退出函数
def Cancel():
window.quit()
window.destroy()
# 主窗口
window = tk.Tk()
window.title("学生管理系统")
window.geometry('1200x520+200+10')
# 初始化全局变量
k = 1
current_image_path = ""
# 初始化CSV文件
init_csv()
# 定义命令按键
button0 = ttk.Button(window, text="清空录入区", command=clear)
button1 = ttk.Button(window, text="录入", command=add_student)
button2 = ttk.Button(window, text="查询", command=search_student)
button3 = ttk.Button(window, text="删除", command=delete_student)
button4 = ttk.Button(window, text="修改", command=update_student)
button5 = ttk.Button(window, text="浏览数据", command=brows_student)
button6 = ttk.Button(window, text="统计视图", command=show_statistics)
button7 = ttk.Button(window, text="上传照片", command=upload_photo)
button8 = ttk.Button(window, text="计算总分", command=calculate_total)
button0.place(x=300, y=450)
button1.place(x=390, y=450)
button2.place(x=480, y=450)
button3.place(x=570, y=450)
button4.place(x=660, y=450)
button5.place(x=750, y=450)
button6.place(x=840, y=450)
button7.place(x=50, y=380)
button8.place(x=150, y=380)
# 利用ttk的特性设置动感按键
style = ttk.Style(window)
style.map('TButton', foreground=[('pressed', 'blue'), ('active', 'red')])
# 定义标签
L1 = tk.Label(window, text='姓名:')
L2 = tk.Label(window, text='性别:')
L3 = tk.Label(window, text='年龄:')
L4 = tk.Label(window, text='籍贯:')
L5 = tk.Label(window, text='住址:')
L6 = tk.Label(window, text='电话:')
L7 = tk.Label(window, text='语文:')
L8 = tk.Label(window, text='数学:')
L9 = tk.Label(window, text='英语:')
L10 = tk.Label(window, text='总分:')
L11 = tk.Label(window, text=' 数 据 录 入 区 ', fg='red')
L12 = tk.Label(window, text=' 数 据 浏 览 区 ', fg='red')
L13 = tk.Label(window, text='相片')
L14 = tk.Label(window, text='照片路径:')
L1.place(x=10, y=50)
L2.place(x=10, y=80)
L3.place(x=10, y=110)
L4.place(x=10, y=140)
L5.place(x=10, y=170)
L6.place(x=10, y=200)
L7.place(x=10, y=230)
L8.place(x=10, y=260)
L9.place(x=10, y=290)
L10.place(x=10, y=320)
L11.place(x=40, y=15)
L12.place(x=600, y=15)
L13.place(x=85, y=350)
L14.place(x=10, y=410)
# 定义单行文本框
entry1 = ttk.Entry(window)
entry2 = ttk.Entry(window)
entry3 = ttk.Entry(window)
entry4 = ttk.Entry(window)
entry5 = ttk.Entry(window)
entry6 = ttk.Entry(window)
entry7 = ttk.Entry(window)
entry8 = ttk.Entry(window)
entry9 = ttk.Entry(window)
entry10 = ttk.Entry(window)
entry11 = ttk.Entry(window, width=40) # 照片路径输入框
entry1.place(x=55, y=50)
entry2.place(x=55, y=80)
entry3.place(x=55, y=110)
entry4.place(x=55, y=140)
entry5.place(x=55, y=170)
entry6.place(x=55, y=200)
entry7.place(x=55, y=230)
entry8.place(x=55, y=260)
entry9.place(x=55, y=290)
entry10.place(x=55, y=320)
entry11.place(x=80, y=410)
# 创建照片显示区域
label11 = tk.Label(window, bg='white', width=100, height=120)
label11.place(x=50, y=370)
# 创建tree表格,显示记录
tree_frame = tk.Frame(window)
tree_frame.place(x=230, y=50, width=950, height=400)
tree = ttk.Treeview(tree_frame, show="headings", selectmode="browse", height=18)
tree_scroll = ttk.Scrollbar(tree_frame, orient="vertical", command=tree.yview)
tree.configure(yscrollcommand=tree_scroll.set)
tree.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
tree_scroll.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
# 定义tree列
tree['columns'] = ('序号', '姓名', '性别', '年龄', '籍贯', '住址', '电话', '语文', '数学', '英语', '总分', '相片名称')
tree.column('序号', width=50, anchor="center")
tree.column('姓名', width=80, anchor="center")
tree.column('性别', width=50, anchor="center")
tree.column('年龄', width=50, anchor="center")
tree.column('籍贯', width=80, anchor="center")
tree.column('住址', width=150, anchor="center")
tree.column('电话', width=100, anchor="center")
tree.column('语文', width=50, anchor="center")
tree.column('数学', width=50, anchor="center")
tree.column('英语', width=50, anchor="center")
tree.column('总分', width=50, anchor="center")
tree.column('相片名称', width=150, anchor="center")
# 设置表头
for col in tree['columns']:
tree.heading(col, text=col)
# 绑定选择事件
tree.bind('<<TreeviewSelect>>', mouseselect)
# 定义登录窗口
win2 = tk.Toplevel(window)
win2.title('登录验证')
win2.config(background="LavenderBlush")
win2.geometry('270x170+800+200')
win2.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", Cancel) # 处理窗口关闭事件
# 创建登录账户的标签
labname = tk.Label(win2, text=' 用户名 ', justify=tk.RIGHT, bg='pink', width=10)
labPwd = tk.Label(win2, text=' 密 码', justify=tk.RIGHT, bg='pink', width=10)
labname.place(x=40, y=20)
labPwd.place(x=40, y=50)
# label 标签(用户名和密码的变量)
varName = tk.StringVar()
varName.set('admin')
varPwd = tk.StringVar()
varPwd.set('admin')
# 创建登录文本框
enterName = tk.Entry(win2, width=12, textvariable=varName)
enterPwd = tk.Entry(win2, show='*', width=12, textvariable=varPwd)
enterName.place(x=130, y=20)
enterPwd.place(x=130, y=50)
# 创建登录按钮
bOK = tk.Button(win2, text='登录', bg='lightskyblue', width=7, command=Login)
bCancel = tk.Button(win2, text='退出', bg='lightgray', width=7, command=Cancel)
bOK.place(x=60, y=100)
bCancel.place(x=150, y=100)
# 首次进入系统,先显示登录窗口
window.withdraw()
win2.deiconify()
# 启动主循环
window.mainloop()
```
### 创新点解释
1. **照片管理功能**:
- 添加了照片上传按钮和显示区域
- 使用PIL库处理图片显示和缩放
- 自动创建photos目录存储上传的照片
2. **数据验证**:
- 添加了必填字段验证(如姓名不能为空)
- 成绩输入验证(必须是数字)
- 总分自动计算功能
3. **统计视图**:
- 使用matplotlib创建成绩统计图表
- 包含各科平均分柱状图和成绩分布饼图
- 图表嵌入到Tkinter界面中
4. **用户体验改进**:
- 添加了计算总分按钮
- 改进了错误处理和提示信息
- 优化了数据浏览区的滚动条
5. **数据管理增强**:
- 完整的CRUD(增删改查)功能实现
- 数据持久化到CSV文件
- 自动初始化数据文件
6. **安全性改进**:
- 登录尝试次数限制(最多3次)
- 密码显示为星号
### 相关问题