spring mvc（一）HelloWorld

于 2017-05-09 11:27:40 发布
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分类专栏： spring 文章标签： spring mvc
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/sb33060418/article/details/84884770
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本文详细介绍了如何在MyEclipse环境中使用Spring MVC 4搭建Web应用。从项目创建到依赖库添加，再到web.xml配置、Spring配置等步骤，最终实现了一个简单的HelloWorld案例。

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记录下SpringMvc4的用法。
环境：Myeclipse10.6+jdk7+tomcat7
库：spring4.1.6

[b]1.创建项目[/b]
在Myeclipse中配置Maven相关属性，创建Maven的Web工程testSpringWeb。
部署工程至tomcat并启动。
访问[url]http://localhost:8080/testSpringWeb[/url]以验证基础环境。

[b]2.添加依赖库[/b]
在pom.xml中添加springmvc相关依赖。 

<properties>
	<jackson.version>1.9.13</jackson.version>
	<spring.version>4.1.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
...
<!-- javaee -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
	<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
	<version>1.2</version>
	<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
	<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
	<version>2.1</version>
	<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
	<artifactId>javax.servlet</artifactId>
	<version>3.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
	<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
	<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
	<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jackson -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
	<artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
	<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
	<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
	<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
	<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
	<version>2.1.4</version>
</dependency>

[b]3.配置web.xml[/b]
在web.xml中添加以下配置，启动时加载spring及springmvc servlet 

<!-- spring -->
<context-param>
	<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
	<param-value>
          classpath:root-context.xml
	</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
	<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- encoding filter -->
<filter>
	<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
	<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
	<init-param>
		<param-name>encoding</param-name>
		<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
	</init-param>
	<init-param>
		<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
		<param-value>true</param-value>
	</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
	<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- spring mvc -->
<servlet>
	<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
	<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>
				classpath:servlet-context.xml
			</param-value>
    </init-param>
	<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
	<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

spring启动时加载root-context.xml，springmvc servlet加载servlet-context.xml，并解析/下所有路径。

[b]4.spring配置[/b]
在src/main/resources下创建配置文件root-context.xml，内容如下： 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
						http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"
	default-autowire="byName" default-lazy-init="true">

</beans>

暂时不使用bean配置。

[b]5.springmvc配置[/b]
在src/main/resources下创建配置文件servlet-context.xml，内容如下： 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"
	default-autowire="byName" default-lazy-init="true">

	<!-- 如果当前请求为“/”时，则转发到“/helloWorld” -->
	<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="forward:/helloWorld"/>
	<!-- 静态资源映射 -->
	<mvc:resources location="/resources/" mapping="/resources/**" />

	<!-- Resolves view names to protected .jsp resources within the /WEB-INF/views 
		directory -->
	<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
		<property name="order" value="1" />
	</bean>
	<!-- @ResponseBody -->
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter">
		<property name="messageConverters">
			<list>
				<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter" />
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<!-- controller -->
	<import resource="resolvers-context.xml" />
</beans>

在src/main/resources下创建配置文件resolvers-context.xml，内容如下： 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"
	default-autowire="byName" default-lazy-init="true">

	<!-- controller -->
	<bean name="/helloWorld" class="com.sunbin.test.testSpring.web.controller.HelloWorldController"/>	
</beans>

配置了一个地址为/helloWorld的controller，viewer页面目录为/WEB-INF/jsp/，并且定义首页跳转至该controller（必须没有index.jsp/index.html）

[b]6.Hello World[/b]
创建Controller.java类 

package com.sunbin.test.testSpring.web.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

public class HelloWorldController implements Controller {

	public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0,
			HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
		modelAndView.addObject("message", "hello world!");
		modelAndView.setViewName("helloWorld");
		return modelAndView;
	}

}

在src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/jsp目录下创建helloWorld.jsp 

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>${message }
</body>
</html>

该Controller只是简单的在页面输出hello world!字符串。

删除首页index.jsp，使得<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="forward:/helloWorld"/>配置生效。

[b]7.测试Hello World[/b]
部署项目并启动tomcat后，通过浏览器访问
[url]http://localhost:8080/testSpringWeb/helloWorld[/url]
[url]http://localhost:8080/testSpringWeb/[/url]
都能看到hello world!信息
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