网络爬虫十一-使用base64传输二进制数据

做Ministored的时候发现一个问题，用http传输二进制的数据时，需要将二进制做一下转化，出现了以下的问题。
简单概括如下：
1) 不知道传输字节的具体长度，如传输的int类型，将int类型之间转为char以后，丢失掉了长度的信息，如数字1234567，本来只有4个字节，但是转化成文本的“1234567”是有7个字节。在int类型的时候固然好办，但是一个数组的时候，经过转化以后，在转化回来就很麻烦了。
2) 对于一些数字，二进制传输Server是没法处理的。如int 1,二进制数据是0x00000001，按字节传输的时候，client能够正常发送，但是libevent收到以后，在抛给libevent_http层是，会把数据截断，前两位0x00是字符串的停止符。
所以，只能用base64来解决这个问题。base64将二进制的内容转化成一组有意义的字符串，然后传输，server在decode。比较不错的是，base64 encode以后，数据包只会增大1/3，效率还是不错的。
下面是base64的实现，及测试代码，声明下base64的encode/decode不是我写的，来自网友的实现，google/baidu下有很多的实现，我拿了一个看起来比较clean的code:)

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>  
long int encode( char *src,long int src_len, char *dst)  

{  

    long int i = 0, j = 0;  

    char base64_map[65] = "BADCFEGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZbadcfeghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";  

    for (; i < src_len - src_len % 3; i += 3) {  

        dst[j++] = base64_map[(src[i] >> 2) & 0x3F];  

        dst[j++] = base64_map[((src[i] << 4) & 0x30) + ((src[i + 1] >> 4) & 0xF)];  

        dst[j++] = base64_map[((src[i + 1] << 2) & 0x3C) + ((src[i + 2] >> 6) & 0x3)];  

        dst[j++] = base64_map[src[i + 2] & 0x3F];  
    }  

    if (src_len % 3 == 1) {  

        dst[j++] = base64_map[(src[i] >> 2) & 0x3F];  

        dst[j++] = base64_map[(src[i] << 4) & 0x30];  

        dst[j++] = '=';  

        dst[j++] = '=';  

    }else if (src_len % 3 == 2) {  

        dst[j++] = base64_map[(src[i] >> 2) & 0x3F];  

        dst[j++] = base64_map[((src[i] << 4) & 0x30) + ((src[i + 1] >> 4) & 0xF)];  

        dst[j++] = base64_map[(src[i + 1] << 2) & 0x3C];  

        dst[j++] = '=';  

    }  

    dst[j] = '/0';  
    printf("encode length:%ld/n",j);  
    return j;  

}   
long int decode(char *src, long int src_len, char *dst)  

{  

    long    int i = 0, j = 0;  

    unsigned char base64_decode_map[256] = {  

        255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,  

            255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,  

            255, 255, 255, 62, 255, 255, 255, 63, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 255, 255,  

            255, 0, 255, 255, 255, 1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,  

            15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 27, 26, 29,  

            28, 31, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48,  

            49, 50, 51, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,  

            255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,  

            255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,  

            255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,  

            255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,  

            255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,  

            255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255};  



    for (; i < src_len; i += 4) {  

        dst[j++] = base64_decode_map[src[i]] << 2 |  

            base64_decode_map[src[i + 1]] >> 4;  

        dst[j++] = base64_decode_map[src[i + 1]] << 4 |  

            base64_decode_map[src[i + 2]] >> 2;  

        dst[j++] = base64_decode_map[src[i + 2]] << 6 |  

            base64_decode_map[src[i + 3]];  

    }  
    dst[j] = '/0';  
    printf("decode length :%ld/n",j);  
    return j;  

}  
int main(){  
    int num = 11111;  
    printf("int:%ld/n",sizeof(int));  
    char num_char[100];  
    char num_char_b64[200];  
    memset(num_char,'/0',100);  
    memcpy(num_char,&num,4);  
    printf("content_to_be_encoded:%s/n",num_char);  
    int len = encode(num_char,4,num_char_b64);  
    printf("content_encoded:%s/n",num_char_b64);  
    int len2= decode(num_char_b64,len,num_char);  
    printf("%s/n",num_char);  
    memcpy(&num,num_char,4);  
    printf("int:%d/n",num);  
}