Loaders

Loaders

LoaderManager
http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/a15874647/article/details/7683330 一个抽像类，关联到一个Activity或Fragment，管理一个或多个装载器的实例。这帮助一个应用管理那些与Activity或Fragment的生命周期相关的长时间运行的的操作。最常见的方式是与一个CursorLoader一起使用，然而应用是可以随便写它们自己的装载器以加载其它类型的数据。

每个activity或fragment只有一个LoaderManager。但是一个LoaderManager可以拥有多个装载器。

LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks
一个用于客户端与LoaderManager交互的回调接口。例如，你使用回调方法onCreateLoader()来创建一个新的装载器。

Loader（装载器）
一个执行异步数据加载的抽象类。它是加载器的基类。你可以使用典型的CursorLoader，但是你也可以实现你自己的子类。一旦装载器被激活，它们将监视它们的数据源并且在数据改变时发送新的结果。
AsyncTaskLoader
提供一个AsyncTask来执行异步加载工作的抽象类。
AsyncTaskLoader
提供一个AsyncTask来执行异步加载工作的抽象类。

CursorLoader
AsyncTaskLoader的子类，它查询ContentResolver然后返回一个Cursor。这个类为查询cursor以标准的方式实现了装载器的协议，它的游标查询是 通过AsyncTaskLoader在后台线程中执行，从而不会阻塞界面。 使用这个装载器是从一个ContentProvider异步加载数据的最好方式。相比之下，通过fragment或activity的API来执行一个被管理的查询就不行了。

You typicallyinitialize a Loader within the activity's onCreate() method, or within the fragment'sonActivityCreated() method. Youdo this as follows:

// Prepare the loader.  Either re-connect with an existing one,
// or start a new one.
getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);

The initLoader() method takesthe following parameters:

• A unique ID that identifies the loader. In this example, the ID is 0.
• Optional arguments to supply to the loader atconstruction (null in this example).
• A LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks implementation, whichthe LoaderManager calls to report loader events. In thisexample, the local class implements the LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks interface, so it passes a referenceto itself, this.

Using the LoaderManager Callbacks

LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks is a callback interfacethat lets a client interact with the LoaderManager.

Loaders, in particular CursorLoader, are expected toretain their data after being stopped. This allows applications to keep theirdata across the activity or fragment's onStop() and onStart() methods, so thatwhen users return to an application, they don't have to wait for the data toreload. You use the LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks methodswhen to know when to create a new loader, and to tell the application when it is time to stop using a loader's data.

LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks includes thesemethods:

• onCreateLoader() —Instantiate and return a new Loader for the given ID.

• onLoadFinished()— Called when a previously created loader has finished its load.

• onLoaderReset() — Called when a previously created loader is being reset, thus making itsdata unavailable.

For example:

 // If non-null, this is the current filter the user has provided.
String mCurFilter;
...
public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) {
    // This is called when a new Loader needs to be created.  This
    // sample only has one Loader, so we don't care about the ID.
    // First, pick the base URI to use depending on whether we are
    // currently filtering.
    Uri baseUri;
    if (mCurFilter != null) {
        baseUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(Contacts.CONTENT_FILTER_URI,
                  Uri.encode(mCurFilter));
    } else {
        baseUri = Contacts.CONTENT_URI;
    }

    // Now create and return a CursorLoader that will take care of
    // creating a Cursor for the data being displayed.
    String select = "((" + Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " NOTNULL) AND ("
            + Contacts.HAS_PHONE_NUMBER + "=1) AND ("
            + Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " != '' ))";
    return new CursorLoader(getActivity(), baseUri,
            CONTACTS_SUMMARY_PROJECTION, select, null,
            Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC");
}

onLoadFinished

This method is called when a previously created loader has finished its load.This method is guaranteed to be called prior to the release of the last datathat was supplied for this loader. At this point you should remove all use ofthe old data (since it will be released soon), but should not do your ownrelease of the data since its loader owns it and will take care of that.

The loader will release the data once it knows the application is no longerusing it. For example, if the data is a cursor from a CursorLoader, you should not call close() on it yourself. If the cursor is beingplaced in a CursorAdapter, you should use the swapCursor() method so that theold Cursor is not closed. For example:

// This is the Adapter being used to display the list's data.
SimpleCursorAdapter mAdapter;
...

public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor data) {
    // Swap the new cursor in.  (The framework will take care of closing the
    // old cursor once we return.)
    mAdapter.swapCursor(data);
}

onLoaderReset

This method is called when a previously created loader is being reset, thus making its data unavailable. This callback lets you find out when the data isabout to be released so you can remove your reference to it.  

This implementation calls swapCursor() with a value of null:

// This is the Adapter being used to display the list's data.
SimpleCursorAdapter mAdapter;
...

public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) {
    // This is called when the last Cursor provided to onLoadFinished()
    // above is about to be closed.  We need to make sure we are no
    // longer using it.
    mAdapter.swapCursor(null);
}

public static class CursorLoaderListFragment extends ListFragment
        implements OnQueryTextListener, LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> {

    // This is the Adapter being used to display the list's data.
    SimpleCursorAdapter mAdapter;

    // If non-null, this is the current filter the user has provided.
    String mCurFilter;

    @Override public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);

        // Give some text to display if there is no data.  In a real
        // application this would come from a resource.
        setEmptyText("No phone numbers");

        // We have a menu item to show in action bar.
        setHasOptionsMenu(true);

        // Create an empty adapter we will use to display the loaded data.
        mAdapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(getActivity(),
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2, null,
                new String[] { Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME, Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS },
                new int[] { android.R.id.text1, android.R.id.text2 }, 0);
        setListAdapter(mAdapter);

        // Prepare the loader.  Either re-connect with an existing one,
        // or start a new one.
        getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
    }

    @Override public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
        // Place an action bar item for searching.
        MenuItem item = menu.add("Search");
        item.setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_search);
        item.setShowAsAction(MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_IF_ROOM);
        SearchView sv = new SearchView(getActivity());
        sv.setOnQueryTextListener(this);
        item.setActionView(sv);
    }

    public boolean onQueryTextChange(String newText) {
        // Called when the action bar search text has changed.  Update
        // the search filter, and restart the loader to do a new query
        // with this filter.
        mCurFilter = !TextUtils.isEmpty(newText) ? newText : null;
        getLoaderManager().restartLoader(0, null, this);
        return true;
    }

    @Override public boolean onQueryTextSubmit(String query) {
        // Don't care about this.
        return true;
    }

    @Override public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
        // Insert desired behavior here.
        Log.i("FragmentComplexList", "Item clicked: " + id);
    }

    // These are the Contacts rows that we will retrieve.
    static final String[] CONTACTS_SUMMARY_PROJECTION = new String[] {
        Contacts._ID,
        Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME,
        Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS,
        Contacts.CONTACT_PRESENCE,
        Contacts.PHOTO_ID,
        Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY,
    };
    public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) {
        // This is called when a new Loader needs to be created.  This
        // sample only has one Loader, so we don't care about the ID.
        // First, pick the base URI to use depending on whether we are
        // currently filtering.
        Uri baseUri;
        if (mCurFilter != null) {
            baseUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(Contacts.CONTENT_FILTER_URI,
                    Uri.encode(mCurFilter));
        } else {
            baseUri = Contacts.CONTENT_URI;
        }

        // Now create and return a CursorLoader that will take care of
        // creating a Cursor for the data being displayed.
        String select = "((" + Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " NOTNULL) AND ("
                + Contacts.HAS_PHONE_NUMBER + "=1) AND ("
                + Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " != '' ))";
        return new CursorLoader(getActivity(), baseUri,
                CONTACTS_SUMMARY_PROJECTION, select, null,
                Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC");
    }

    public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor data) {
        // Swap the new cursor in.  (The framework will take care of closing the
        // old cursor once we return.)
        mAdapter.swapCursor(data);
    }

    public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) {
        // This is called when the last Cursor provided to onLoadFinished()
        // above is about to be closed.  We need to make sure we are no
        // longer using it.
        mAdapter.swapCursor(null);
    }
}