Python连接Oracle

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-25 12:50:57 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2024-04-25 12:50:57 发布 · 1.4k 阅读

本文详细介绍如何在Linux CentOS 7环境下安装Python的cx_Oracle模块，并配置Oracle客户端库，最后通过示例脚本展示如何使用cx_Oracle连接Oracle数据库并执行批量数据插入。

转自：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000009878547
当前环境：Linux Centos 7
1. 下载安装包cx_Oracle
由于我本地Python版本是2.7,所以选择是2.7版本

wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/e1/18/00987c6a9af9568ee87d1fcba877407684a3f1b87515e5eb82d5d5acb9ff/cx_Oracle-6.0rc1-py27-1.x86_64.rpm#md5=ff8f5cce07bd5ec8ed3ce5c79d451474
参考:

python-cx_Oracle
安装包列表
2. 安装cx_Oracle
安装：
rpm -ivh cx_Oracle-6.0rc1-py27-1.x86_64.rpm
查看当前python引入模块库的路径

[root ~]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Nov  6 2016, 00:28:07) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sys
>>> print sys.path
['', '/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/AliyunUtil-0.0.1-py2.7.egg', '/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cloud_init-0.7.6-py2.7.egg', '/usr/lib64/python27.zip', '/usr/lib64/python2.7', '/usr/lib64/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib64/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib64/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/lib64/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages']

检查安装路径，如果cx_Oracle.so文件不在以上python引入路径内需要将该文件拷贝到以上python引入路径,所以我这里不需要进行拷贝操作

[root ~]# rpm -qa | grep cx_Oracle | xargs rpm -ql
/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle-6.0rc1-py2.7.egg-info
/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle-6.0rc1-py2.7.egg-info/PKG-INFO
/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle-6.0rc1-py2.7.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle-6.0rc1-py2.7.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle-6.0rc1-py2.7.egg-info/top_level.txt
/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle.so

下载Oracle Library
由于Oracle官网下载东西存在Auth认证，所以简单点就点击选中的rpm包保存在windows上，然后上传到linux上即可
注意：

版本不一致也没问题向下兼容的

下载的版本要和连接的Oracle基本一致，我需要连接的Oracle版本是11.2，所以我下载的是oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.3.0-1.x86_64.rpm
操作系统要和之前下载的cx_Oracle要一致，这很重要！！！我在这个上面栽了跟头，花了比较多的时间。。。所以我需要下载64位的
在Oracle官网下载东西你得先勾选Accept License Agreement，否则你下载不了
其次你得有Oracle的账号
4. 安装Oracle Library
rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.3.0-1.x86_64.rpm
5. 配置环境变量
修改Oracle安装路径
将client64改为client，至于为什么要改暂时还不清楚，只知道不改的话会报错Oracle Client library cannot be loaded: libclntsh.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
cd /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/
mv client64 client
打开~/.bashrc,追加环境变量路径
vim ~/.bashrc
配置环境变量
// 查看Oracle安装路径
[root@iZbp180vortqapb7yf8217Z ~]# rpm -qa | grep oracle | xargs rpm -ql
/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/bin/adrci
/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/bin/genezi
/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/libnnz11.so
/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/libocci.so.11.1
/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/libociei.so
/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/libocijdbc11.so
/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/ojdbc5.jar
/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/ojdbc6.jar
/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/xstreams.jar
// 追加ORACLE_HOME环境变量路径
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH= $LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ ORACLE_HOME/lib
生效配置
source ~/.bashrc
6. 检查是否可以引入cx_Oracle
import没有报错，说明之前的辛苦没有白费

[root client64]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Nov 6 2016, 00:28:07)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11)] on linux2
Type “help”, “copyright”, “credits” or “license” for more information.

import cx_Oracle

连接Oracle
一个插入n条数据的Python脚本：

!/usr/bin/python

-- coding: UTF-8 --

import sys
import cx_Oracle
import time

rows = int(sys.argv[1])
con = cx_Oracle.connect(‘test/test@sampledb’)
cur = con.cursor()
cur.execute(“SELECT MAX(ID) FROM PTTEST”)
max_id = cur.fetchone()[0] or 0

start_id = max_id + 1
for i in xrange(rows):
cur.execute(“INSERT INTO PTTEST (ID, NAME, AGE, GENDER, SALARY)VALUES(%d, ‘pt’, 15, ‘male’, 50000)” % int(i + start_id))
if i % 100 == 0:
time.sleep(3)
print ‘Insert rows [%d]:%d’ % (int(time.time()), i)
con.commit()
cur.close()
con.close()