RustFS接口实战:Java+Docker实现实时上传下载,代码拿来即用!

新星杯·14天创作挑战营·第17期 10w+人浏览 490人参与

在日常开发中,对象存储的集成总让人头疼?本文通过完整可运行的Java代码,手把手教你实现RustFS的实时上传下载功能,带你彻底告别集成难题!

目录

一、环境准备:5分钟快速搭建RustFS服务

1.1 Docker一键启动RustFS

1.2 验证服务可用性

二、Java项目配置:依赖引入与客户端初始化

2.1 Maven依赖配置

2.2 RustFS配置类

2.3 应用配置文件

三、核心服务层:上传下载功能实现

3.1 存储服务接口设计

3.2 RustFS服务实现类

四、RESTful API控制器:提供HTTP接口

4.1 文件上传下载控制器

五、高级功能:大文件分片上传

5.1 分片上传服务类

六、功能测试与验证

6.1 使用curl测试API接口

6.2 使用Postman测试

七、生产环境优化建议

7.1 连接池配置优化

7.2 异常处理增强

八、完整项目结构

总结


一、环境准备:5分钟快速搭建RustFS服务

1.1 Docker一键启动RustFS

首先使用Docker快速搭建RustFS服务环境:

# 创建项目目录
mkdir rustfs-java-demo && cd rustfs-java-demo

# 创建docker-compose.yml
cat > docker-compose.yml << 'EOF'
version: '3.8'
services:
  rustfs:
    image: rustfs/rustfs:latest
    container_name: rustfs-server
    ports:
      - "9000:9000"  # S3 API端口
      - "9001:9001"  # 控制台端口
    environment:
      RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY: "admin"
      RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY: "password123"
    volumes:
      - ./data:/data
    restart: unless-stopped
EOF

# 启动服务
docker-compose up -d

# 验证服务状态
docker ps | grep rustfs

1.2 验证服务可用性

# 检查服务健康状态
curl http://localhost:9000/minio/health/live

# 访问Web控制台
echo "控制台地址: http://localhost:9001"
echo "用户名: admin"
echo "密码: password123"

二、Java项目配置:依赖引入与客户端初始化

2.1 Maven依赖配置

创建Spring Boot项目,在pom.xml中添加必要依赖:

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring Boot Starter -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- AWS S3 SDK -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>software.amazon.awssdk</groupId>
        <artifactId>s3</artifactId>
        <version>2.20.0</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- 文件操作工具 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
        <version>2.13.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2.2 RustFS配置类

创建配置类RustFSConfig.java

package com.rustfs.demo.config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import software.amazon.awssdk.auth.credentials.AwsBasicCredentials;
import software.amazon.awssdk.auth.credentials.StaticCredentialsProvider;
import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.S3Client;

import java.net.URI;

@Configuration
public class RustFSConfig {
    
    @Value("${rustfs.endpoint:http://localhost:9000}")
    private String endpoint;
    
    @Value("${rustfs.access-key:admin}")
    private String accessKey;
    
    @Value("${rustfs.secret-key:password123}")
    private String secretKey;
    
    @Value("${rustfs.region:us-east-1}")
    private String region;
    
    @Bean
    public S3Client s3Client() {
        return S3Client.builder()
                .endpointOverride(URI.create(endpoint))
                .credentialsProvider(StaticCredentialsProvider.create(
                        AwsBasicCredentials.create(accessKey, secretKey)))
                .region(Region.of(region))
                .forcePathStyle(true)  // 必须设置为true用于兼容RustFS
                .build();
    }
}

2.3 应用配置文件

application.yml配置:

rustfs:
  endpoint: "http://localhost:9000"
  access-key: "admin"
  secret-key: "password123"
  region: "us-east-1"
  bucket-name: "my-bucket"

server:
  port: 8080

spring:
  servlet:
    multipart:
      max-file-size: 10MB
      max-request-size: 10MB

三、核心服务层:上传下载功能实现

3.1 存储服务接口设计

创建StorageService.java接口:

package com.rustfs.demo.service;

import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import java.io.InputStream;

public interface StorageService {
    
    /**
     * 上传文件到RustFS
     */
    String uploadFile(MultipartFile file, String objectName);
    
    /**
     * 下载文件从RustFS
     */
    InputStream downloadFile(String objectName);
    
    /**
     * 获取文件访问URL
     */
    String getFileUrl(String objectName);
    
    /**
     * 删除文件
     */
    boolean deleteFile(String objectName);
}

3.2 RustFS服务实现类

实现类RustFSService.java

package com.rustfs.demo.service.impl;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import software.amazon.awssdk.core.sync.RequestBody;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.S3Client;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.time.Duration;

@Service
@Slf4j
public class RustFSService implements StorageService {
    
    private final S3Client s3Client;
    
    @Value("${rustfs.bucket-name:my-bucket}")
    private String bucketName;
    
    public RustFSService(S3Client s3Client) {
        this.s3Client = s3Client;
        createBucketIfNotExists();
    }
    
    /**
     * 检查并创建存储桶
     */
    private void createBucketIfNotExists() {
        try {
            s3Client.headBucket(HeadBucketRequest.builder()
                    .bucket(bucketName)
                    .build());
            log.info("存储桶 {} 已存在", bucketName);
        } catch (NoSuchBucketException e) {
            // 存储桶不存在,创建新桶
            s3Client.createBucket(CreateBucketRequest.builder()
                    .bucket(bucketName)
                    .build());
            log.info("创建存储桶: {}", bucketName);
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public String uploadFile(MultipartFile file, String objectName) {
        try {
            // 如果未指定对象名称,使用原始文件名
            if (objectName == null || objectName.trim().isEmpty()) {
                objectName = file.getOriginalFilename();
            }
            
            // 执行文件上传
            PutObjectRequest putObjectRequest = PutObjectRequest.builder()
                    .bucket(bucketName)
                    .key(objectName)
                    .contentType(file.getContentType())
                    .build();
            
            s3Client.putObject(putObjectRequest, 
                    RequestBody.fromBytes(file.getBytes()));
            
            log.info("文件上传成功: {}", objectName);
            return objectName;
            
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("文件上传失败: {}", e.getMessage());
            throw new RuntimeException("文件上传失败", e);
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public InputStream downloadFile(String objectName) {
        try {
            GetObjectRequest getObjectRequest = GetObjectRequest.builder()
                    .bucket(bucketName)
                    .key(objectName)
                    .build();
            
            return s3Client.getObject(getObjectRequest);
            
        } catch (NoSuchKeyException e) {
            log.error("文件不存在: {}", objectName);
            throw new RuntimeException("文件不存在: " + objectName);
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public String getFileUrl(String objectName) {
        try {
            GetUrlRequest getUrlRequest = GetUrlRequest.builder()
                    .bucket(bucketName)
                    .key(objectName)
                    .build();
            
            return s3Client.utilities().getUrl(getUrlRequest).toString();
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("获取文件URL失败: {}", e.getMessage());
            return null;
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public boolean deleteFile(String objectName) {
        try {
            DeleteObjectRequest deleteObjectRequest = DeleteObjectRequest.builder()
                    .bucket(bucketName)
                    .key(objectName)
                    .build();
            
            s3Client.deleteObject(deleteObjectRequest);
            log.info("文件删除成功: {}", objectName);
            return true;
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("文件删除失败: {}", e.getMessage());
            return false;
        }
    }
}

四、RESTful API控制器:提供HTTP接口

4.1 文件上传下载控制器

创建FileController.java

package com.rustfs.demo.controller;

import com.rustfs.demo.service.StorageService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/files")
@Slf4j
public class FileController {
    
    private final StorageService storageService;
    
    public FileController(StorageService storageService) {
        this.storageService = storageService;
    }
    
    /**
     * 文件上传接口
     */
    @PostMapping("/upload")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> uploadFile(
            @RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file,
            @RequestParam(value = "objectName", required = false) String objectName) {
        
        try {
            String uploadedObjectName = storageService.uploadFile(file, objectName);
            String fileUrl = storageService.getFileUrl(uploadedObjectName);
            
            Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
            result.put("success", true);
            result.put("objectName", uploadedObjectName);
            result.put("fileUrl", fileUrl);
            result.put("fileSize", file.getSize());
            result.put("message", "文件上传成功");
            
            return ResponseEntity.ok(result);
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("文件上传失败: {}", e.getMessage());
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
                    .body(Map.of("success", false, "message", "文件上传失败: " + e.getMessage()));
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 文件下载接口
     */
    @GetMapping("/download/{objectName}")
    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> downloadFile(@PathVariable String objectName) {
        try {
            InputStream inputStream = storageService.downloadFile(objectName);
            byte[] fileBytes = IOUtils.toByteArray(inputStream);
            
            HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
            headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM);
            headers.setContentDispositionFormData("attachment", 
                    new String(objectName.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1));
            
            return new ResponseEntity<>(fileBytes, headers, HttpStatus.OK);
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("文件下载失败: {}", e.getMessage());
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND).build();
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 获取文件信息
     */
    @GetMapping("/info/{objectName}")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> getFileInfo(@PathVariable String objectName) {
        try {
            String fileUrl = storageService.getFileUrl(objectName);
            
            Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
            result.put("objectName", objectName);
            result.put("fileUrl", fileUrl);
            result.put("exists", true);
            
            return ResponseEntity.ok(result);
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of(
                    "objectName", objectName,
                    "exists", false,
                    "message", "文件不存在"
            ));
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 删除文件接口
     */
    @DeleteMapping("/{objectName}")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> deleteFile(@PathVariable String objectName) {
        try {
            boolean success = storageService.deleteFile(objectName);
            
            Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
            result.put("success", success);
            result.put("message", success ? "文件删除成功" : "文件删除失败");
            
            return ResponseEntity.ok(result);
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("文件删除失败: {}", e.getMessage());
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
                    .body(Map.of("success", false, "message", "文件删除失败"));
        }
    }
}

五、高级功能:大文件分片上传

5.1 分片上传服务类

对于大文件,实现分片上传功能:

package com.rustfs.demo.service.impl;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import software.amazon.awssdk.core.sync.RequestBody;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.S3Client;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.*;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class MultipartUploadService {
    
    private final S3Client s3Client;
    private static final int PART_SIZE = 5 * 1024 * 1024; // 5MB
    
    public MultipartUploadService(S3Client s3Client) {
        this.s3Client = s3Client;
    }
    
    /**
     * 大文件分片上传
     */
    public String uploadLargeFile(MultipartFile file, String bucketName, String objectName) 
            throws Exception {
        
        // 初始化分片上传
        CreateMultipartUploadRequest createRequest = CreateMultipartUploadRequest.builder()
                .bucket(bucketName)
                .key(objectName)
                .contentType(file.getContentType())
                .build();
        
        CreateMultipartUploadResponse createResponse = s3Client.createMultipartUpload(createRequest);
        String uploadId = createResponse.uploadId();
        
        List<CompletedPart> completedParts = new ArrayList<>();
        byte[] fileBytes = file.getBytes();
        int partCount = (int) Math.ceil((double) fileBytes.length / PART_SIZE);
        
        // 上传各个分片
        for (int partNumber = 1; partNumber <= partCount; partNumber++) {
            int start = (partNumber - 1) * PART_SIZE;
            int end = Math.min(start + PART_SIZE, fileBytes.length);
            byte[] partBytes = new byte[end - start];
            System.arraycopy(fileBytes, start, partBytes, 0, partBytes.length);
            
            UploadPartRequest uploadRequest = UploadPartRequest.builder()
                    .bucket(bucketName)
                    .key(objectName)
                    .uploadId(uploadId)
                    .partNumber(partNumber)
                    .build();
            
            UploadPartResponse uploadResponse = s3Client.uploadPart(uploadRequest, 
                    RequestBody.fromBytes(partBytes));
            
            completedParts.add(CompletedPart.builder()
                    .partNumber(partNumber)
                    .eTag(uploadResponse.eTag())
                    .build());
        }
        
        // 完成分片上传
        CompletedMultipartUpload completedMultipartUpload = CompletedMultipartUpload.builder()
                .parts(completedParts)
                .build();
        
        CompleteMultipartUploadRequest completeRequest = CompleteMultipartUploadRequest.builder()
                .bucket(bucketName)
                .key(objectName)
                .uploadId(uploadId)
                .multipartUpload(completedMultipartUpload)
                .build();
        
        s3Client.completeMultipartUpload(completeRequest);
        return objectName;
    }
}

六、功能测试与验证

6.1 使用curl测试API接口

# 测试文件上传
curl -X POST -F "file=@test.jpg" \
  http://localhost:8080/api/files/upload

# 测试文件下载
curl -X GET \
  http://localhost:8080/api/files/download/test.jpg \
  --output downloaded.jpg

# 测试文件信息查询
curl -X GET \
  http://localhost:8080/api/files/info/test.jpg

# 测试文件删除
curl -X DELETE \
  http://localhost:8080/api/files/test.jpg

6.2 使用Postman测试

创建测试集合,包含以下请求:

  1. POST/api/files/upload- 文件上传

  2. GET/api/files/download/{name}- 文件下载

  3. GET/api/files/info/{name}- 文件信息

  4. DELETE/api/files/{name}- 文件删除

七、生产环境优化建议

7.1 连接池配置优化

@Bean
public S3Client s3Client() {
    return S3Client.builder()
            .endpointOverride(URI.create(endpoint))
            .credentialsProvider(StaticCredentialsProvider.create(
                    AwsBasicCredentials.create(accessKey, secretKey)))
            .region(Region.of(region))
            .forcePathStyle(true)
            .httpClientBuilder(UrlConnectionHttpClient.builder()
                    .maxConnections(100)  // 最大连接数
                    .connectionTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10))  // 连接超时
                    .socketTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)))  // 读写超时
            .build();
}

7.2 异常处理增强

创建全局异常处理器:

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    
    @ExceptionHandler(S3Exception.class)
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> handleS3Exception(S3Exception e) {
        log.error("RustFS操作异常: {}", e.getMessage());
        
        Map<String, Object> error = new HashMap<>();
        error.put("success", false);
        error.put("errorCode", e.awsErrorDetails().errorCode());
        error.put("message", "存储服务异常: " + e.getMessage());
        
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(error);
    }
}

八、完整项目结构

src/main/java/
└── com/rustfs/demo/
    ├── config/
    │   └── RustFSConfig.java
    ├── controller/
    │   └── FileController.java
    ├── service/
    │   ├── StorageService.java
    │   ├── impl/
    │   │   ├── RustFSService.java
    │   │   └── MultipartUploadService.java
    │   └── exception/
    │       └── GlobalExceptionHandler.java
    └── DemoApplication.java

总结

通过本文的完整实现,我们成功构建了一个基于Java和Docker的RustFS文件存储服务。关键亮点包括:

✅ 开箱即用:提供完整可运行的代码示例

✅ 功能全面:覆盖上传、下载、删除等核心操作

✅ 生产就绪:包含异常处理、性能优化等生产级特性

✅ 易于扩展:模块化设计便于功能扩展

这种实现方式特别适合需要快速集成对象存储功能的Java项目,无论是单体应用还是微服务架构都能良好适配。


以下是深入学习 RustFS 的推荐资源:RustFS

官方文档: RustFS 官方文档- 提供架构、安装指南和 API 参考。

GitHub 仓库: GitHub 仓库 - 获取源代码、提交问题或贡献代码。

社区支持: GitHub Discussions- 与开发者交流经验和解决方案。

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