相信很多人对微信开发已经不那么陌生,我也是从一个微信开发的菜鸟经过各种问题的折磨,然后去搜索引擎搜索各种文章阅读,但是基本都是零散的资料,没有一个统一、系统的阐述微信应用如何开发。作者结合自己的实际开发经验,归纳整理出来分享给微信开发的入门者或正在研究的开发者。
这篇文章主要阐述如何搭建一个微信开发平台。古人云:“磨刀不负砍才工”。我们开发应用也需要准备一些必要的条件。
准备工作
1. 下载 Jdk1.7 安装
2. 下载 Tomcat 7.0
3. 下载 Myeclipse 6.5
4. 下载 Json-lib第三方jar .
1. 申请一个公网IP地址,发布自己的应用。
例如: 192.168.1.102
2. 打开myeclipse 创建一个工程
如下图所示:
3. 创建一个微信应用接入Servlet类
- package com.wx.servlet;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import java.security.MessageDigest;
- import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
- import java.util.Arrays;
- import java.util.logging.Logger;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
- import net.sf.json.xml.XMLSerializer;
- /**
- * @author haibing.xiao
- * @since jdk1.6
- * @version 1.0
- */
- public class WeixinServlet extends HttpServlet{
- private Logger log =Logger.getLogger(this.getClass().getName());
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- private String Token;
- private String echostr;
- @Override
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- connect(request,response);
- }
- @Override
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- message(request,response);
- }
- /**
- *@author haibing.xiao
- *@return
- *@exception
- *@param
- *
- * <p>接入连接生效验证</p>
- */
- private void connect(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException{
- log.info("RemoteAddr: "+ request.getRemoteAddr());
- log.info("QueryString: "+ request.getQueryString());
- if(!accessing(request, response)){
- log.info("服务器接入失败.......");
- return ;
- }
- String echostr=getEchostr();
- if(echostr!=null && !"".equals(echostr)){
- log.info("服务器接入生效..........");
- response.getWriter().print(echostr);//完成相互认证
- }
- }
- /**
- * @author haibing.xiao
- * Date 2013-05-29
- * @return boolean
- * @exception ServletException, IOException
- * @param
- *
- *<p>用来接收微信公众平台的验证</p>
- */
- private boolean accessing(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
- String signature = request.getParameter("signature");
- String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
- String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
- String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");
- if( isEmpty(signature)){
- return false;
- }
- if(isEmpty(timestamp)){
- return false;
- }
- if(isEmpty(nonce)){
- return false;
- }
- if(isEmpty(echostr)){
- return false;
- }
- String[] ArrTmp = { Token, timestamp, nonce };
- Arrays.sort(ArrTmp);
- StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
- for (int i = 0; i < ArrTmp.length; i++) {
- sb.append(ArrTmp[i]);
- }
- String pwd = Encrypt(sb.toString());
- log.info("signature:"+signature+"timestamp:"+timestamp+"nonce:"+nonce+"pwd:"+pwd+"echostr:"+echostr);
- if(trim(pwd).equals(trim(signature))){
- this.echostr =echostr;
- return true;
- }else{
- return false;
- }
- }
- private String Encrypt(String strSrc) {
- MessageDigest md = null;
- String strDes = null;
- byte[] bt = strSrc.getBytes();
- try {
- md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
- md.update(bt);
- strDes = bytes2Hex(md.digest()); //to HexString
- } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
- System.out.println("Invalid algorithm.");
- return null;
- }
- return strDes;
- }
- public String bytes2Hex(byte[] bts) {
- String des = "";
- String tmp = null;
- for (int i = 0; i < bts.length; i++) {
- tmp = (Integer.toHexString(bts[i] & 0xFF));
- if (tmp.length() == 1) {
- des += "0";
- }
- des += tmp;
- }
- return des;
- }
- public String getEchostr(){
- return echostr;
- }
- /**
- *@author haibing.xiao
- *@return
- *@exception ServletException, IOException
- *@param
- *
- * <p>XML组装组件</p>
- */
- private void message(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException{
- InputStream is = request.getInputStream();
- // 取HTTP请求流长度
- int size = request.getContentLength();
- // 用于缓存每次读取的数据
- byte[] buffer = new byte[size];
- // 用于存放结果的数组
- byte[] xmldataByte = new byte[size];
- int count = 0;
- int rbyte = 0;
- // 循环读取
- while (count < size) {
- // 每次实际读取长度存于rbyte中
- rbyte = is.read(buffer);
- for(int i=0;i<rbyte;i++) {
- xmldataByte[count + i] = buffer[i];
- }
- count += rbyte;
- }
- is.close();
- String requestStr = new String(xmldataByte, "UTF-8");
- try{
- manageMessage(requestStr,request,response);
- }catch(Exception e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- /**
- * @author haibing.xiao
- * @return
- * @exception ServletException, IOException
- * @param
- *
- * <p>业务转发组件</p>
- *
- */
- private void manageMessage(String requestStr,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException,IOException{
- String responseStr;
- try {
- XMLSerializer xmlSerializer=new XMLSerializer();
- JSONObject jsonObject =(JSONObject) xmlSerializer.read(requestStr);
- String event =jsonObject.getString("Event");
- String msgtype =jsonObject.getString("MsgType");
- if("CLICK".equals(event) && "event".equals(msgtype)){ //菜单click事件
- String eventkey =jsonObject.getString("EventKey");
- if("hytd_001".equals(eventkey)){ // hytd_001 这是好友团队按钮的标志值
- jsonObject.put("Content", "欢迎使用好友团队菜单click按钮.");
- }
- }
- responseStr =creatRevertText(jsonObject);//创建XML
- log.info("responseStr:"+responseStr);
- OutputStream os =response.getOutputStream();
- os.write(responseStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- private String creatRevertText(JSONObject jsonObject){
- StringBuffer revert =new StringBuffer();
- revert.append("<xml>");
- revert.append("<ToUserName><![CDATA["+jsonObject.get("ToUserName")+"]]></ToUserName>");
- revert.append("<FromUserName><![CDATA["+jsonObject.get("FromUserName")+"]]></FromUserName>");
- revert.append("<CreateTime>"+jsonObject.get("CreateTime")+"</CreateTime>");
- revert.append("<MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType>");
- revert.append("<Content><![CDATA["+jsonObject.get("Content")+"]]></Content>");
- revert.append("<FuncFlag>0</FuncFlag>");
- revert.append("</xml>");
- return revert.toString();
- }
- @Override
- public void init() throws ServletException {
- Token="test123";
- }
- private boolean isEmpty(String str){
- return null ==str || "".equals(str) ? true :false;
- }
- private String trim(String str){
- return null !=str ? str.trim() : str;
- }
- }
4. 本地部署应用 访问http://localhost:端口号/上下文/wenxin
5 .申请成为开发者
访问 http://mp.weixin.qq.com ,开启开发者模式。填入URL和taken,申请成功,如下所示:
填入URL:http://外网IP/TestWeixin/weixin 【必须80端】
填入token : test123【需要与代码中的token保持一致,Token的长度是有限制的,根据笔者的经验最好不超过10个字符。】