本文详细介绍了Struts 1.1的安装方法，以Tomcat 5.0为例，指导如何搭建Struts开发环境。还给出了一个简单的登录示例，包含Logon.jsp、LogonForm.java等多个文件的代码及功能说明，最后说明了应用部署和目录结构，适合Struts初学者入门。
1. Struts 1.1 安装
安装Struts 1.1 比较简单。假设我们使用的是Tomcat 5.0,并且安装在D:\tomcat下。首先，请到http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/ 下载Struts 1.1,解压缩后，可以看到jakarta-struts-1.1目录，在这个目录下面，你可以看到这样一个目录：webapps.该目录下面有多个*.war，我们copy struts-blank.war 文件到D:\tomcat\webapps下，restart Tomcat，在Tomcat 的webapps下就会生成一个struts-blank空白Struts开发环境。另外，在你解压缩的目录下的webapps中 struts-example.war 是一个很好的struts学习教程，如果你想深入学习请访问http://jakarta.apache.org/struts 或者 下载 《Struts in Action》 E 文版。
2. 一个简单的例子
2.1 Logon.jsp
<ccid_nobr><table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="black" border="1"><tbody><tr><td class="code" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><pre><ccid_code><%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=gb2312" %> <% /** * This page shows Logon interface. * Title: LOGON SYSTEM * Description: Logon Page * Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004 * Company: www.ewe.com.cn * @author bluesunny <hyjun2001@163.com> * @version 1.0 */ response.setHeader("Pragma","No-cache"); response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache"); response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0); %> <html> <head> <title>Logon</title> </head> <body> <html:errors/> <html:form action="/Logon" focus="username"> username:<html:text property="username" size="25"/> password:<html:password property="password" size="25"/> <html:submit property=”submit”/> </html:form> </body> </html></ccid_code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></ccid_nobr>
页面为用户登陆页面，应用到Struts的html标签。
2.2 LogonForm.java
<ccid_nobr><table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="black" border="1"><tbody><tr><td class="code" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><pre><ccid_code>package com.logon.app; import javax.servlet.http.*; import org.apache.struts.action.*; /** * This page shows LogonForm.java * Title: LOGON SYSTEM * Description: LogonForm Page * Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004 * Company: www.ewe.com.cn * @author bluesunny * @version 1.0 */ public class LogonForm extends ActionForm{ private String username; private String password; public LoginForm() { username = null; password = null; } public void setUsername(String username){ this.username = username; } public String getUsername() { return this.username; } public void setPassword(String password){ this.password = password; } public String getPassword(){ return this.password; } public void reset(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) { username = null; password = null; } }</ccid_code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></ccid_nobr>
这个页面为ActionForm bean ，主要是用来封装客户端的用户名与密码。
2.3 LogonAction.java
<ccid_nobr><table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="black" border="1"><tbody><tr><td class="code" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><pre><ccid_code>package com.logon.app; import java.io.*; import java.sql.*; import org.apache.struts.action.Action; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import org.apache.struts.action.*; /** * This page shows LogonAction.java * Title: LOGON SYSTEM * Description: LogonAction Page * Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004 * Company: www.ewe.com.cn * @author bluesunny * @version 1.0 */ public class LogonAction extends Action{ public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping actionMapping, ActionForm actionForm, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception { LogonForm form = (LogonForm)actionForm; ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors(); String username = form.getUsername(); String password = form.getPassword(); If(username.equals(“bluesunny”) && password.equals(“bluesunny”)){ return actionMapping.findForward("success"); }else{ errors.add("login",new ActionError("Logon.failed")); saveErrors(request,errors); return actionMapping.findForward("failed"); } } }</ccid_code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></ccid_nobr>
取得ActionForm中的数据，进行处理，处理结果返回到Jsp页面。
2.4 web.xml
<ccid_nobr><table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="black" border="1"><tbody><tr><td class="code" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><pre><ccid_code><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-app_2_3.dtd"> <web-app> <display-name>Struts Logon Application</display-name> <!-- Standard Action Servlet Configuration (with debugging) --> <servlet> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>config</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>debug</param-name> <param-value>2</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>detail</param-name> <param-value>2</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!-- Standard Action Servlet Mapping --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- The Welcome File List --> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>logon.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- Struts Tag Library Descriptors --> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/tags/struts-bean</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/tags/struts-html</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/tags/struts-logic</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/tags/struts-nested</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/tags/struts-tiles</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> </web-app></ccid_code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></ccid_nobr>
2.5 struts-config.xml
<ccid_nobr><table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="black" border="1"><tbody><tr><td class="code" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><pre><ccid_code><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN" "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd"> <struts-config> <form-beans> <form-bean name="logonForm" type=" com.logon.app.LoginForm"/> </form-beans> <action-mappings> <action path="/Logon" type="com.logon.app.LogonAction" name="logonForm" scope="request" input="Logon.jsp"> <forward name="success" path="/success.jsp"/> <forward name="failure" path="/Logon.jsp"/> </action> <message-resources parameter="resources.application"/> </struts-config></ccid_code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></ccid_nobr>
2.6 application.properties
<ccid_nobr><table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="black" border="1"><tbody><tr><td class="code" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><pre><ccid_code>Logon.failed = Logon failed!Please Logon in again!</ccid_code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></ccid_nobr>
2.7 deploy Logon Application
创建一个success.jsp，输入:"successflly!".
编译源文件，并且把该应用程序部署在TOMCAT里，假设部署在app目录下面。我们可以启动浏览器访问：http://localhost:8080/app/.
2.8 目录结构
<ccid_nobr><table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="black" border="1"><tbody><tr><td class="code" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><pre><ccid_code>/WEB-INF : / WEB-INF/lib : Struts.jar / WEB-INF/classes : / WEB-INF/classes/com/logon/app : *.class / WEB-INF/classes/resources : *.properties</ccid_code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></ccid_nobr>
3. 总结
本文详细讲解了安装方法，并且举了一个登陆例子作为Struts框架应用。另外，本文对Struts的目录结构也有说明，这大大减轻了初学者学习负担，应该可以作为Struts入门之用。
安装Struts 1.1 比较简单。假设我们使用的是Tomcat 5.0,并且安装在D:\tomcat下。首先，请到http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/ 下载Struts 1.1,解压缩后，可以看到jakarta-struts-1.1目录，在这个目录下面，你可以看到这样一个目录：webapps.该目录下面有多个*.war，我们copy struts-blank.war 文件到D:\tomcat\webapps下，restart Tomcat，在Tomcat 的webapps下就会生成一个struts-blank空白Struts开发环境。另外，在你解压缩的目录下的webapps中 struts-example.war 是一个很好的struts学习教程，如果你想深入学习请访问http://jakarta.apache.org/struts 或者 下载 《Struts in Action》 E 文版。
2. 一个简单的例子
2.1 Logon.jsp
<ccid_nobr><table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="black" border="1"><tbody><tr><td class="code" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><pre><ccid_code><%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=gb2312" %> <% /** * This page shows Logon interface. * Title: LOGON SYSTEM * Description: Logon Page * Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004 * Company: www.ewe.com.cn * @author bluesunny <hyjun2001@163.com> * @version 1.0 */ response.setHeader("Pragma","No-cache"); response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache"); response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0); %> <html> <head> <title>Logon</title> </head> <body> <html:errors/> <html:form action="/Logon" focus="username"> username:<html:text property="username" size="25"/> password:<html:password property="password" size="25"/> <html:submit property=”submit”/> </html:form> </body> </html></ccid_code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></ccid_nobr>
页面为用户登陆页面，应用到Struts的html标签。
2.2 LogonForm.java
<ccid_nobr><table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="black" border="1"><tbody><tr><td class="code" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><pre><ccid_code>package com.logon.app; import javax.servlet.http.*; import org.apache.struts.action.*; /** * This page shows LogonForm.java * Title: LOGON SYSTEM * Description: LogonForm Page * Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004 * Company: www.ewe.com.cn * @author bluesunny * @version 1.0 */ public class LogonForm extends ActionForm{ private String username; private String password; public LoginForm() { username = null; password = null; } public void setUsername(String username){ this.username = username; } public String getUsername() { return this.username; } public void setPassword(String password){ this.password = password; } public String getPassword(){ return this.password; } public void reset(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) { username = null; password = null; } }</ccid_code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></ccid_nobr>
这个页面为ActionForm bean ，主要是用来封装客户端的用户名与密码。
2.3 LogonAction.java
<ccid_nobr><table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="black" border="1"><tbody><tr><td class="code" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><pre><ccid_code>package com.logon.app; import java.io.*; import java.sql.*; import org.apache.struts.action.Action; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import org.apache.struts.action.*; /** * This page shows LogonAction.java * Title: LOGON SYSTEM * Description: LogonAction Page * Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004 * Company: www.ewe.com.cn * @author bluesunny * @version 1.0 */ public class LogonAction extends Action{ public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping actionMapping, ActionForm actionForm, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception { LogonForm form = (LogonForm)actionForm; ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors(); String username = form.getUsername(); String password = form.getPassword(); If(username.equals(“bluesunny”) && password.equals(“bluesunny”)){ return actionMapping.findForward("success"); }else{ errors.add("login",new ActionError("Logon.failed")); saveErrors(request,errors); return actionMapping.findForward("failed"); } } }</ccid_code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></ccid_nobr>
取得ActionForm中的数据，进行处理，处理结果返回到Jsp页面。
2.4 web.xml
<ccid_nobr><table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="black" border="1"><tbody><tr><td class="code" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><pre><ccid_code><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-app_2_3.dtd"> <web-app> <display-name>Struts Logon Application</display-name> <!-- Standard Action Servlet Configuration (with debugging) --> <servlet> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>config</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>debug</param-name> <param-value>2</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>detail</param-name> <param-value>2</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!-- Standard Action Servlet Mapping --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- The Welcome File List --> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>logon.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- Struts Tag Library Descriptors --> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/tags/struts-bean</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/tags/struts-html</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/tags/struts-logic</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/tags/struts-nested</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/tags/struts-tiles</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> </web-app></ccid_code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></ccid_nobr>
2.5 struts-config.xml
<ccid_nobr><table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="black" border="1"><tbody><tr><td class="code" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><pre><ccid_code><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN" "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd"> <struts-config> <form-beans> <form-bean name="logonForm" type=" com.logon.app.LoginForm"/> </form-beans> <action-mappings> <action path="/Logon" type="com.logon.app.LogonAction" name="logonForm" scope="request" input="Logon.jsp"> <forward name="success" path="/success.jsp"/> <forward name="failure" path="/Logon.jsp"/> </action> <message-resources parameter="resources.application"/> </struts-config></ccid_code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></ccid_nobr>
2.6 application.properties
<ccid_nobr><table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="black" border="1"><tbody><tr><td class="code" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><pre><ccid_code>Logon.failed = Logon failed!Please Logon in again!</ccid_code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></ccid_nobr>
2.7 deploy Logon Application
创建一个success.jsp，输入:"successflly!".
编译源文件，并且把该应用程序部署在TOMCAT里，假设部署在app目录下面。我们可以启动浏览器访问：http://localhost:8080/app/.
2.8 目录结构
<ccid_nobr><table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="black" border="1"><tbody><tr><td class="code" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" bgcolor="#e6e6e6"><pre><ccid_code>/WEB-INF : / WEB-INF/lib : Struts.jar / WEB-INF/classes : / WEB-INF/classes/com/logon/app : *.class / WEB-INF/classes/resources : *.properties</ccid_code></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></ccid_nobr>
3. 总结
本文详细讲解了安装方法，并且举了一个登陆例子作为Struts框架应用。另外，本文对Struts的目录结构也有说明，这大大减轻了初学者学习负担，应该可以作为Struts入门之用。
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