Installing Java
We start with installing Java on the machine. My personal preference is to use Oracle Java JDK. Installing this JDK could be done easily by performing the following statements.
1 | sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java |
3 | sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer |
The screen in figure 1 will appear in the terminal, hit enter to proceed. After this, the screen in figure 2 will be shown. Navigate to <Yes> using the left arrow on your keyboard and hit enter. Oracle JDK 7 will be installed.
Figure 1: Binary Code license 
Figure 2: JDK License Agreement
To validate the Java installation, execute the following command:
This should result in the following (or something similar).
2 | Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_51-b13) |
3 | Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.51-b03, mixed mode) |
The next next step is to set the JAVA_HOME environment variable. To do this, open the /etc/bash.bashrc file by executing the following statement.
1 | sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc |
Scroll to the bottom of the file and add the following lines.
1 | export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle |
2 | export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH |
Save the file and close the editor. To load the changes, execute the following statement.
To validate the changes you can execute the following statement.
The result of this statement should be the following.
1 | /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle |
Installing Oracle 11g R2 Express Edition
For the installation of Oracle 11g R2 Express Edition (XE), a couple of additional Linux packages are required. These packages can be installed by executing the following statement.
1 | sudo apt-get install alien libaio1 unixodbc |
The next step is to download the Oracle 11g R2 Express Edition from the Oracle website. Make sure you select the Linux x64 version from http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/products/express-edition/downloads/index.html. After the download is completed, open the terminal and navigate to the download directory. In my case this can be done by executing the following statement.
The next step step is to unzip the downloaded file. To do this, execute the following command.
1 | unzip oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm.zip |
A new directory (Disk1) is added to the Download directory. Navigate to this directory:
Now we have to convert the Red Hat package (rpm) to a Debian package. This may be done using the alien command. The -d parameter is used to inform alien that a Debian package should be generated. When the -scripts parameter is toggled, alien will try to convert the scripts that are meant to be run when the package is installed and removed.
1 | sudo alien --scripts -d oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm |
This step may take a while, while this statement is executing we can do the following steps. Open a new terminal window for these steps.
The Red Hat package, relies on the /sbin/chkconfig file, which is not used in Ubuntu. To successfully install Oracle XE we use a simple trick. Start by creating a custom /sbin/chkconfig file by executing the following statement.
1 | sudo gedit /sbin/chkconfig |
Copy and paste the following into the editor:
02 | # Oracle 11gR2 XE installer chkconfig hack for Ubuntu |
03 | file=/etc/init.d/oracle-xe |
04 | if [[ ! `tail -n1 $file | grep INIT` ]]; then |
06 | echo '### BEGIN INIT INFO' >> $file |
07 | echo '# Provides: OracleXE' >> $file |
08 | echo '# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog' >> $file |
09 | echo '# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog' >> $file |
10 | echo '# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5' >> $file |
11 | echo '# Default-Stop: 0 1 6' >> $file |
12 | echo '# Short-Description: Oracle 11g Express Edition' >> $file |
13 | echo '### END INIT INFO' >> $file |
15 | update-rc.d oracle-xe defaults 80 01 |
Save the file and close the editor. Now we have to provide the file with the appropriate execution privileges.
1 | sudo chmod 755 /sbin/chkconfig |
After this, we have to create the file /etc/sysctl.d/60-oracle.conf to set the additional kernel parameters. Open the file by executing the following statement.
1 | sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.d/60-oracle.conf |
Copy and paste the following into the file. Kernel.shmmax is the maximum possible value of physical RAM in bytes. 536870912 / 1024 /1024 = 512 MB.
1 | # Oracle 11g XE kernel parameters |
3 | net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65000 |
4 | kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128 |
Save the file. The changes in this file may be verified by executing:
1 | sudo cat /etc/sysctl.d/60-oracle.conf |
Load the kernel parameters:
1 | sudo service procps start |
The changes may be verified again by executing:
1 | sudo sysctl -q fs.file-max |
This method should return the following:
After this, execute the following statements to make some more required changes:
1 | sudo ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk |
3 | touch /var/lock/subsys/listener |
Close the second terminal window and return to the first terminal window. The rpm package should be converted and a new file called oracle-xe-11.2.0-2_amd64.deb have been generated. To run this file, execute the following command:
1 | sudo dpkg --install oracle-xe_11.2.0-2_amd64.deb |
Execute the following to avoid getting a ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET error. Note: replace “size=4096m” with the size of your (virtual) machine’s RAM in MBs.
3 | sudo mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=4096m /dev/shm |
Create the file /etc/rc2.d/S01shm_load.
1 | sudo gedit /etc/rc2.d/S01shm_load |
Copy and paste the following in the file. Note: replace “size=4096m” with the size of your machine’s RAM in MBs.
03 | start) mkdir /var/lock/subsys 2>/dev/null |
04 | touch /var/lock/subsys/listener |
05 | rm /dev/shm 2>/dev/null |
06 | mkdir /dev/shm 2>/dev/null |
07 | mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=4096m /dev/shm ;; |
Save the file, close the editor and provide the appropriate execution privileges.
1 | sudo chmod 755 /etc/rc2.d/S01shm_load |
Configuring Oracle 11g R2 Express Edition
If you have successfully installed to Oracle 11g R2 Express Edition server, it’s time to configure the server. To start the configuration of the server, execute the following command and follow the “wizard” in the terminal. Default values are shown between brackets for each question.
1 | sudo /etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure |
Now it is time to set-up some environmental variables. Open the /etc/bash.bashrc file by executing the following statement:
1 | sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc |
Scroll to the bottom of the file and add the following lines.
1 | export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe |
3 | export NLS_LANG=`$ORACLE_HOME/bin/nls_lang.sh` |
4 | export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle |
5 | export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH |
6 | export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH |
Save the file and close the editor. To load the changes, execute the following statement:
To validate the changes you can execute the following statement.
This statement should result in the following output.
1 | /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe |
After this step it is recommended to reboot the machine. After the reboot is completed, you should be able to start the Oracle server using the following command:
1 | sudo service oracle-xe start |
A file named oraclexe-gettingstarted.desktop is placed on your desktop. To make this file executable, navigate to you desktop.
To make the file executable, execute the following statement.
1 | sudo chmod a+x oraclexe-gettingstarted.desktop |
Installing SQL Developer
Finally, after the installation of Oracle 11g R2 Express Edition and Java, SQL Developer could be installed. This is done by performing the following steps.
Download Oracle SQL Developer from the Oracle site. Select the Linux RPM package: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-tools/sql-developer/downloads/index.html. Open a terminal window and navigate to the Download directory:
Convert the Red Hat package to a Ubuntu package. Note: this may take a while.
1 | sudo alien --scripts -d sqldeveloper-4.0.0.13.80-1.noarch.rpm |
A file named sqldeveloper_4.0.0.13.80-2_all.deb will be generated. To run this file, execute the following statement:
1 | sudo dpkg --install sqldeveloper_4.0.0.13.80-2_all.deb |
Create a .sqldeveloper directory in your home folder:
1 | sudo mkdir /home/.sqldeveloper/ |
Run SQL Developer from the terminal.
1 | sudo /opt/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper.sh |
Now enter the full Java path. In my case this is done as follows:
1 | /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle |
本文介绍如何在Linux环境下安装配置Oracle 11g R2 Express Edition及SQL Developer，包括安装Java JDK、设置环境变量、安装所需依赖包、配置内核参数等步骤。
Figure 1: Binary Code license 
Figure 2: JDK License Agreement
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