Python开发游戏自动化后台脚本

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本文介绍如何使用Python编写游戏自动化脚本，涉及窗口句柄获取、截图截取、数字识别、图像点击以及后台文字输入等关键技术。通过实例展示了如何通过Tesseract OCR进行图像识别，并结合PyAutoClick库完成游戏中的复杂任务。

该文章已生成可运行项目，

Python开发游戏自动化后台脚本

前言
说明
完整代码
参考

前言

前段时间沉迷猪场一梦江湖，由于实在太肝便萌生出用脚本做日常的想法，写了第一个test.py，随着后来各种功能的逐步添加，脚本也从前台变成了支持后台静默运行，功能渐渐完善，包括了常用的

1.鼠标左键单击指定坐标
2.识别并单击指定图像
3.识别图像中文字
4.后台截取程序画面以供识别
5.鼠标滚轮上下滚动
6.鼠标左键范围点击以防检测
7.程序中的键盘控制
8.程序中字符的输入

说明

获取窗口句柄

寻找标题为title的窗口，激活该窗口并置于x_coor, y_coor处，title可利用visual studio的spy++.exe查看；SWP_NOSIZE指定了窗口大小不变

def get_winds(self, title: str):
    """
    @description : 获取游戏句柄 ,并把游戏窗口置顶并激活窗口
    ---------
    @param : 窗口名
    -------
    @Returns : 窗口句柄
    -------
    """
    # self.__handle = win32gui.FindWindowEx(0, 0, "Qt5QWindowIcon", "MuMu模拟器")
    self.__handle = windll.user32.FindWindowW(None, title)
    self.__classname = win32gui.GetClassName(self.__handle)
    # print(self.__classname)
    if self.__classname == 'Qt5QWindowIcon':
        self.__mainhandle = win32gui.FindWindowEx(self.__handle, 0, "Qt5QWindowIcon", "MainWindowWindow")
        # print(self.__mainhandle)
        self.__centerhandle = win32gui.FindWindowEx(self.__mainhandle, 0, "Qt5QWindowIcon", "CenterWidgetWindow")
        # print(self.__centerhandle)
        self.__renderhandle = win32gui.FindWindowEx(self.__centerhandle, 0, "Qt5QWindowIcon", "RenderWindowWindow")
        # print(self.__renderhandle)
        self.__clickhandle = self.__renderhandle
    else:
        self.__clickhandle = self.__handle
    # self.__subhandle = win32gui.FindWindowEx(self.__renderhandle, 0, "subWin", "sub")
    # print(self.__subhandle)
    # self.__subsubhandle = win32gui.FindWindowEx(self.__subhandle, 0, "subWin", "sub")
    # print(self.__subsubhandle)
    # win32gui.ShowWindow(hwnd1, win32con.SW_RESTORE)
    # print(win32gui.GetWindowRect(hwnd1))
    win32gui.SetWindowPos(self.__handle, win32con.HWND_TOP, x_coor, y_coor, 0, 0, win32con.SWP_SHOWWINDOW | win32con.SWP_NOSIZE)
    print(self.__clickhandle)
    return self.__handle

获得后台窗口截图

窗口上方有39个像素的边框，左、右、下则有8个像素的边框

def get_src(self):
    """
    @description : 获得后台窗口截图
    ---------
    @param : None
    -------
    @Returns : None
    -------
    """

    left, top, right, bot = win32gui.GetWindowRect(self.__handle)
    #Remove border around window (8 pixels on each side)
    bl = 8
    #Remove border on top
    bt = 39

    width = int((right - left + 1) * scale) - 2 * bl
    height = int((bot - top + 1) * scale) - bt - bl
    # 返回句柄窗口的设备环境，覆盖整个窗口，包括非客户区，标题栏，菜单，边框
    hWndDC = win32gui.GetWindowDC(self.__handle)
    # 创建设备描述表
    mfcDC = win32ui.CreateDCFromHandle(hWndDC)
    # 创建内存设备描述表
    saveDC = mfcDC.CreateCompatibleDC()
    # 创建位图对象准备保存图片
    saveBitMap = win32ui.CreateBitmap()
    # 为bitmap开辟存储空间
    saveBitMap.CreateCompatibleBitmap(mfcDC, width, height)
    # 将截图保存到saveBitMap中
    saveDC.SelectObject(saveBitMap)
    # 保存bitmap到内存设备描述表
    saveDC.BitBlt((0, 0), (width, height), mfcDC, (bl, bt), win32con.SRCCOPY)
    ###获取位图信息
    bmpinfo = saveBitMap.GetInfo()
    bmpstr = saveBitMap.GetBitmapBits(True)
    ###生成图像
    im_PIL = Image.frombuffer('RGB', (bmpinfo['bmWidth'], bmpinfo['bmHeight']), bmpstr, 'raw', 'BGRX', 0, 1)
    # 内存释放
    win32gui.DeleteObject(saveBitMap.GetHandle())
    saveDC.DeleteDC()
    mfcDC.DeleteDC()
    win32gui.ReleaseDC(self.__handle, hWndDC)
    ###PrintWindow成功,保存到文件,显示到屏幕
    im_PIL.save("src.jpg")  # 保存
    # im_PIL.show()  # 显示

数字识别

依赖项——Tesseract OCR
下载并添加至系统环境变量

注意：这里将ocr识别范围限定为0-9的数字以提高准确率
截取范围为src.jpg中左上(x1,y1)到右下(x2,y2)的矩形区域

def get_num(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):
    """
    @description : 获取屏幕截图中的数字
    ---------
    @param : 截图中需要截取的含数字部分边界
    -------
    @Returns : num:int
    -------
    """
        
    img = Image.open("src.jpg")
    num_img = img.crop((x1, y1, x2, y2))
    num_img = ImageOps.invert(num_img)
    num = pytesseract.image_to_string(num_img, lang="eng",
                                          config='--psm 6 --oem 3 -c tessedit_char_whitelist=0123456789').strip()
    # num = pytesseract.image_to_string(num_img, lang="eng")
    try:
        print("数量为", int(num))
        return int(num)
    except:
        print("未检测到数字")
        return 0

识别并点击图片位置

所需识别的图片模板事先准备好并放在同一目录下，输入图片文件路径
这里confidence设置为0.9

def mouse_click_image(self, name : str, times = 0.5):
    """
    @Description : 鼠标左键点击识别到的图片位置
    ---------
    @Args : name:输入图片名; times:单击后延时
    -------
    @Returns : None
    -------
    """
    try:
        result = self.recognize(name)
        if result is None or result['confidence'] < 0.9:
            print("No results!")
        else:
            print(result['result'][0] + x_coor * scale + 8, " ",result['result'][1] + y_coor * scale + 39)
            self.mouse_click(result['result'][0] + x_coor * scale + 8, result['result'][1] + y_coor * scale + 39)
    except:
        raise Exception("error")

后台文字输入

def type_str(self, msg: str):
    """
    @Description : 打字
    ---------
    @Args : msg:目标字符
    -------
    @Returns : None
    -------
    """
    for i in msg:
        self.__PostMessageW(self.__handle, win32con.WM_CHAR, ord(i), 0)

完整代码

GITEE网址: 项目-AutoClick.

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@File    :   AutoClick.py
@Time    :   2021/10/09 15:10:01
@Author  :   Yaadon 
'''

# here put the import lib
import win32con
import win32gui
import win32ui
import time
# import threading
import numpy as np
import os
from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageOps
import aircv as ac
import pytesseract
from ctypes import windll, byref
from ctypes.wintypes import HWND, POINT
import string
# import sys
# import cv2
# from memory_pic import *
# import win32api
# import autopy
# from PIL import ImageGrab

scale = 1.25 # 电脑的缩放比例
radius = 5 # 随机半径
x_coor = 10 # 窗口位置
y_coor = 10 # 窗口位置

class AutoClick():
    """
    @description  :自动点击类，包含后台截图、图像匹配
    ---------
    @param  :
    -------
    @Returns  :
    -------
    """
    
    __PostMessageW = windll.user32.PostMessageW
    __SendMessageW = windll.user32.SendMessageW
    __MapVirtualKeyW = windll.user32.MapVirtualKeyW
    __VkKeyScanA = windll.user32.VkKeyScanA
    __ClientToScreen = windll.user32.ClientToScreen

    __WM_KEYDOWN = 0x100
    __WM_KEYUP = 0x101
    __WM_MOUSEMOVE = 0x0200
    __WM_LBUTTONDOWN = 0x0201
    __WM_LBUTTONUP = 0x202
    __WM_MOUSEWHEEL = 0x020A
    __WHEEL_DELTA = 120
    __WM_SETCURSOR = 0x20
    __WM_MOUSEACTIVATE = 0x21

    __HTCLIENT = 1
    __MA_ACTIVATE = 1

    __VkCode = {
        "back":  0x08,
        "tab":  0x09,
        "return":  0x0D,
        "shift":  0x10,
        "control":  0x11,
        "menu":  0x12,
        "pause":  0x13,
        "capital":  0x14,
        "escape":  0x1B,
        "space":  0x20,
        "end":  0x23,
        "home":  0x24,
        "left":  0x25,
        "up":  0x26,
        "right":  0x27,
        "down":  0x28,
        "print":  0x2A,
        "snapshot":  0x2C,
        "insert":  0x2D,
        "delete":  0x2E,
        "lwin":  0x5B,
        "rwin":  0x5C,
        "numpad0":  0x60,
        "numpad1":  0x61,
        "numpad2":  0x62,
        "numpad3":  0x63,
        "numpad4":  0x64,
        "numpad5":  0x65,
        "numpad6":  0x66,
        "numpad7":  0x67,
        "numpad8":  0x68,
        "numpad9":  0x69,
        "multiply":  0x6A,
        "add":  0x6B,
        "separator":  0x6C,
        "subtract":  0x6D,
        "decimal":  0x6E,
        "divide":  0x6F,
        "f1":  0x70,
        "f2":  0x71,
        "f3":  0x72,
        "f4":  0x73,
        "f5":  0x74,
        "f6":  0x75,
        "f7":  0x76,
        "f8":  0x77,
        "f9":  0x78,
        "f10":  0x79,
        "f11":  0x7A,
        "f12":  0x7B,
        "numlock":  0x90,
        "scroll":  0x91,
        "lshift":  0xA0,
        "rshift":  0xA1,
        "lcontrol":  0xA2,
        "rcontrol":  0xA3,
        "lmenu":  0xA4,
        "rmenu":  0XA5
    }

    def __get_virtual_keycode(self, key: str):
        """根据按键名获取虚拟按键码

        Args:
            key (str): 按键名

        Returns:
            int: 虚拟按键码
        """
        if len(key) == 1 and key in string.printable:
            # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winuser/nf-winuser-vkkeyscana
            return self.__VkKeyScanA(ord(key)) & 0xff
        else:
            return self.__VkCode[key]


    def __key_down(self, handle: HWND, key: str):
        """按下指定按键

        Args:
            handle (HWND): 窗口句柄
            key (str): 按键名
        """
        vk_code = self.__get_virtual_keycode(key)
        scan_code = self.__MapVirtualKeyW(vk_code, 0)
        # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/inputdev/wm-keydown
        wparam = vk_code
        lparam = (scan_code << 16) | 1
        self.__PostMessageW(handle, self.__WM_KEYDOWN, wparam, lparam)


    def __key_up(self, handle: HWND, key: str):
        """放开指定按键

        Args:
            handle (HWND): 窗口句柄
            key (str): 按键名
        """
        vk_code = self.__get_virtual_keycode(key)
        scan_code = self.__MapVirtualKeyW(vk_code, 0)
        # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/inputdev/wm-keyup
        wparam = vk_code
        lparam = (scan_code << 16) | 0XC0000001
        self.__PostMessageW(handle, self.__WM_KEYUP, wparam, lparam)


    def __activate_mouse(self, handle: HWND):
        """
        @Description : 激活窗口接受鼠标消息
        ---------
        @Args : handle (HWND): 窗口句柄
        -------
        @Returns : 
        -------
        """
        # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/inputdev/wm-mouseactivate
        lparam = (self.__WM_LBUTTONDOWN << 16) | self.__HTCLIENT
        self.__SendMessageW(handle, self.__WM_MOUSEACTIVATE, self.__handle, lparam)
    

    def __set_cursor(self, handle: HWND, msg):
        """
        @Description : Sent to a window if the mouse causes the cursor to move within a window and mouse input is not captured
        ---------
        @Args : handle (HWND): 窗口句柄, msg : setcursor消息
        -------
        @Returns : 
        -------
        """
        # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/menurc/wm-setcursor
        lparam = (msg << 16) | self.__HTCLIENT
        self.__SendMessageW(handle, self.__WM_SETCURSOR, handle, lparam)

    
    def __move_to(self, handle: HWND, x: int, y: int):
        """移动鼠标到坐标（x, y)

        Args:
            handle (HWND): 窗口句柄
            x (int): 横坐标
            y (int): 纵坐标
        """
        # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/inputdev/wm-mousemove
        wparam = 0
        lparam = y << 16 | x
        self.__PostMessageW(handle, self.__WM_MOUSEMOVE, wparam, lparam)


    def __left_down(self, handle: HWND, x: int, y: int):
        """在坐标(x, y)按下鼠标左键

        Args:
            handle (HWND): 窗口句柄
            x (int): 横坐标
            y (int): 纵坐标
        """
        # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/inputdev/wm-lbuttondown
        wparam = 0x001 # MK_LBUTTON
        lparam = y << 16 | x
        self.__PostMessageW(handle, self.__WM_LBUTTONDOWN, wparam, lparam)


    def __left_up(self, handle: HWND, x: int, y: int):
        """在坐标(x, y)放开鼠标左键

        Args:
            handle (HWND): 窗口句柄
            x (int): 横坐标
            y (int): 纵坐标
        """
        # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/inputdev/wm-lbuttonup
        wparam = 0
        lparam = y << 16 | x
        self.__PostMessageW(handle, self.__WM_LBUTTONUP, wparam, lparam)


    def __scroll(self, handle: HWND, delta: int, x: int, y: int):
        """在坐标(x, y)滚动鼠标滚轮

        Args:
            handle (HWND): 窗口句柄
            delta (int): 为正向上滚动，为负向下滚动
            x (int): 横坐标
            y (int): 纵坐标
        """
        self.__move_to(handle, x, y)
        # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/inputdev/wm-mousewheel
        wparam = delta << 16
        p = POINT(x, y)
        self.__ClientToScreen(handle, byref(p))
        lparam = p.y << 16 | p.x
        self.__PostMessageW(handle, self.__WM_MOUSEWHEEL, wparam, lparam)


    def __scroll_up(self, handle: HWND, x: int, y: int):
        """在坐标(x, y)向上滚动鼠标滚轮

        Args:
            handle (HWND): 窗口句柄
            x (int): 横坐标
            y (int): 纵坐标
        """
        self.__scroll(handle, self.__WHEEL_DELTA, x, y)


    def __scroll_down(self, handle: HWND, x: int, y: int):
        """在坐标(x, y)向下滚动鼠标滚轮

        Args:
            handle (HWND): 窗口句柄
            x (int): 横坐标
            y (int): 纵坐标
        """
        self.__scroll(handle, -self.__WHEEL_DELTA, x, y)


    def get_winds(self, title: str):
        """
        @description : 获取游戏句柄 ,并把游戏窗口置顶并激活窗口
        ---------
        @param : 窗口名
        -------
        @Returns : 窗口句柄
        -------
        """
        # self.__handle = win32gui.FindWindowEx(0, 0, "Qt5QWindowIcon", "MuMu模拟器")
        self.__handle = windll.user32.FindWindowW(None, title)
        self.__classname = win32gui.GetClassName(self.__handle)
        # print(self.__classname)
        if self.__classname == 'Qt5QWindowIcon':
            self.__mainhandle = win32gui.FindWindowEx(self.__handle, 0, "Qt5QWindowIcon", "MainWindowWindow")
            # print(self.__mainhandle)
            self.__centerhandle = win32gui.FindWindowEx(self.__mainhandle, 0, "Qt5QWindowIcon", "CenterWidgetWindow")
            # print(self.__centerhandle)
            self.__renderhandle = win32gui.FindWindowEx(self.__centerhandle, 0, "Qt5QWindowIcon", "RenderWindowWindow")
            # print(self.__renderhandle)
            self.__clickhandle = self.__renderhandle
        else:
            self.__clickhandle = self.__handle
        # self.__subhandle = win32gui.FindWindowEx(self.__renderhandle, 0, "subWin", "sub")
        # print(self.__subhandle)
        # self.__subsubhandle = win32gui.FindWindowEx(self.__subhandle, 0, "subWin", "sub")
        # print(self.__subsubhandle)
        # win32gui.ShowWindow(hwnd1, win32con.SW_RESTORE)
        # print(win32gui.GetWindowRect(hwnd1))
        win32gui.SetWindowPos(self.__handle, win32con.HWND_TOP, x_coor, y_coor, 0, 0, win32con.SWP_SHOWWINDOW | win32con.SWP_NOSIZE)
        print(self.__clickhandle)
        return self.__handle
    

    def get_src(self):
        """
        @description : 获得后台窗口截图
        ---------
        @param : None
        -------
        @Returns : None
        -------
        """

        left, top, right, bot = win32gui.GetWindowRect(self.__handle)
        #Remove border around window (8 pixels on each side)
        bl = 8
        #Remove border on top
        bt = 39

        width = int((right - left + 1) * scale) - 2 * bl
        height = int((bot - top + 1) * scale) - bt - bl
        # 返回句柄窗口的设备环境，覆盖整个窗口，包括非客户区，标题栏，菜单，边框
        hWndDC = win32gui.GetWindowDC(self.__handle)
        # 创建设备描述表
        mfcDC = win32ui.CreateDCFromHandle(hWndDC)
        # 创建内存设备描述表
        saveDC = mfcDC.CreateCompatibleDC()
        # 创建位图对象准备保存图片
        saveBitMap = win32ui.CreateBitmap()
        # 为bitmap开辟存储空间
        saveBitMap.CreateCompatibleBitmap(mfcDC, width, height)
        # 将截图保存到saveBitMap中
        saveDC.SelectObject(saveBitMap)
        # 保存bitmap到内存设备描述表
        saveDC.BitBlt((0, 0), (width, height), mfcDC, (bl, bt), win32con.SRCCOPY)
        ###获取位图信息
        bmpinfo = saveBitMap.GetInfo()
        bmpstr = saveBitMap.GetBitmapBits(True)
        ###生成图像
        im_PIL = Image.frombuffer('RGB', (bmpinfo['bmWidth'], bmpinfo['bmHeight']), bmpstr, 'raw', 'BGRX', 0, 1)
        # 内存释放
        win32gui.DeleteObject(saveBitMap.GetHandle())
        saveDC.DeleteDC()
        mfcDC.DeleteDC()
        win32gui.ReleaseDC(self.__handle, hWndDC)
        ###PrintWindow成功,保存到文件,显示到屏幕
        im_PIL.save("src.jpg")  # 保存
        # im_PIL.show()  # 显示
    

    
    

    def recognize(self, objs):
        """
        @description : 图像识别之模板匹配
        ---------
        @param : 需要匹配的模板名
        -------
        @Returns : 将传进来的图片和全屏截图匹配如果找到就返回图像在屏幕的坐标 否则返回None
        -------
        """
        
        imobj = ac.imread(objs)
        imsrc = ac.imread('%s\\src.jpg' % os.getcwd())
        pos = ac.find_template(imsrc, imobj, 0.5)
        return pos


    def mouse_click(self, x, y, times=0.5):
        """
        @description : 单击左键
        ---------
        @param : 位置坐标x,y 单击后延时times(s)
        -------
        @Returns : 
        -------
        """
        # self.__set_cursor(self.__clickhandle, self.__WM_MOUSEACTIVATE)
        # self.__move_to(self.__clickhandle, int(x / scale), int(y / scale))
        # self.__activate_mouse(self.__clickhandle)
        # self.__set_cursor(self.__clickhandle, self.__WM_LBUTTONDOWN)
        self.__left_down(self.__clickhandle, int(x / scale), int(y / scale))
        self.__move_to(self.__clickhandle, int(x / scale), int(y / scale))
        self.__left_up(self.__clickhandle, int(x / scale), int(y / scale))
        time.sleep(times)
    

    def mouse_click_image(self, name : str, times = 0.5):
        """
        @Description : 鼠标左键点击识别到的图片位置
        ---------
        @Args : name:输入图片名; times:单击后延时
        -------
        @Returns : None
        -------
        """
        try:
            result = self.recognize(name)
            if result is None or result['confidence'] < 0.9:
                print("No results!")
            else:
                print(result['result'][0] + x_coor * scale + 8, " ",result['result'][1] + y_coor * scale + 39)
                self.mouse_click(result['result'][0] + x_coor * scale + 8, result['result'][1] + y_coor * scale + 39)
        except:
            raise Exception("error")

    
    def mouse_click_radius(self, x, y, times=0.5):
        """
        @description : 在范围内随机位置单击（防检测）
        ---------
        @param : 位置坐标x,y 单击后延时times(s)
        -------
        @Returns : 
        -------
        """
        
        random_x = np.random.randint(-radius, radius)
        random_y = np.random.randint(-radius, radius)
        self.mouse_click(x + random_x, y + random_y)
        # self.__left_down(self.__clickhandle, int((x + random_x) / scale), int((y + random_y) / scale))
        # time.sleep(0.1)
        # self.__left_up(self.__clickhandle, int((x + random_x) / scale), int((y + random_y) / scale))
        time.sleep(times)


    def push_key(self, key: str, times = 1):
        """
        @Description : 按键
        ---------
        @Args : key:按键 times:按下改键后距松开的延时
        -------
        @Returns : None
        -------
        """
        self.__key_down(self.__clickhandle, key)
        time.sleep(times)
        self.__key_up(self.__clickhandle, key)
        time.sleep(0.5)
    

    def type_str(self, msg: str):
        """
        @Description : 打字
        ---------
        @Args : msg:目标字符
        -------
        @Returns : None
        -------
        """
        for i in msg:
            self.__PostMessageW(self.__clickhandle, win32con.WM_CHAR, ord(i), 0)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    click = AutoClick()
    click.get_winds("微信")
    click.get_src()
    # click.mouse_click(254, 536)
    click.mouse_click_image('test.png')
    # click.mouse_click(1086, 269) # 输入框
    # click.mouse_click(237, 211) # 输入框
    # click.mouse_click(1228, 201) # 输入框
    # click.type_str("123木头人abc")