【Java.Spring.Core】【IoC】Bean定义的继承

本文详细解释了Spring框架中Bean的定义、继承和重载过程,通过使用XML配置元数据来演示如何创建抽象Bean并由子Bean继承,同时说明子Bean如何覆盖或补充父Bean的配置。

Bean的定义可以包含很多的配置信息,包括构造函数参数,属性值等。子bean定义可以继承父bean定义的配置数据。子bean定义可以重载一些值,或者添加一些其他的值。使用父子bean定义可以起到一个模板的作用。

在基于XML的配置元数据中,使用parent属性来指定父bean:

<bean id="inheritedTestBean" abstract="true"
        class="org.springframework.beans.TestBean">
    <property name="name" value="parent"/>
    <property name="age" value="1"/>
</bean>

<bean id="inheritsWithDifferentClass"
        class="org.springframework.beans.DerivedTestBean"
        parent="inheritedTestBean" init-method="initialize">
    <property name="name" value="override"/>
    <!-- the age property value of 1 will be inherited from parent -->
</bean>

在子bean中,如果一个属性不存在,则使用parent 定义中的值,或者可以重载它。子bean 类必须与parent bean相兼容,即其必须能接受父bean的属性值。


在上面的例子中,在parent bean中指定了一个 abstract 属性。如果 parent 定义没有指定一个类,需要显式的在parent bean的定义中指定 abstract 属性,例如:

<bean id="inheritedTestBeanWithoutClass" abstract="true">
    <property name="name" value="parent"/>
    <property name="age" value="1"/>
</bean>

<bean id="inheritsWithClass" class="org.springframework.beans.DerivedTestBean"
        parent="inheritedTestBeanWithoutClass" init-method="initialize">
    <property name="name" value="override"/>
    <!-- age will inherit the value of 1 from the parent bean definition-->
</bean>


java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext for [WebMergedContextConfiguration@1e253c9d testClass = com.xju.dao.BookDaoTest, locations = [], classes = [com.xju.SsmpApplication], contextInitializerClasses = [], activeProfiles = [], propertySourceDescriptors = [], propertySourceProperties = ["org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper=true"], contextCustomizers = [org.springframework.boot.test.context.filter.ExcludeFilterContextCustomizer@3c73951, org.springframework.boot.test.json.DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizerFactory$DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizer@10d307f1, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplateContextCustomizer@25084a1e, org.springframework.boot.test.web.reactor.netty.DisableReactorResourceFactoryGlobalResourcesContextCustomizerFactory$DisableReactorResourceFactoryGlobalResourcesContextCustomizerCustomizer@169e6180, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.OnFailureConditionReportContextCustomizerFactory$OnFailureConditionReportContextCustomizer@47987356, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.actuate.observability.ObservabilityContextCustomizerFactory$DisableObservabilityContextCustomizer@1f, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.properties.PropertyMappingContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverContextCustomizer@485966cc, org.springframework.test.context.support.DynamicPropertiesContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestAnnotation@3fb57a8e], resourceBasePath = "src/main/webapp", contextLoader = org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader, parent = null] at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:180) at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:130) at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:200) at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:139) at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:260) at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:159) at java.base/java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.accept(ForEachOps.java:183) at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197) at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:179) at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197) at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1625) at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:509) at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:499) at java.base/java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp.evaluateSequential(ForEachOps.java:150) at java.base/java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.evaluateSequential(ForEachOps.java:173) at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234) at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:596) at java.base/java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:364) at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Invalid bean definition with name 'bookDao' defined in file [E:\javaweb\SSMP\target\classes\com\xju\dao\BookDao.class]: Invalid value type for attribute 'factoryBeanObjectType': java.lang.String at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.getTypeForFactoryBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:864) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getType(AbstractBeanFactory.java:745) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.findAnnotationOnBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:817) at org.springframework.boot.sql.init.dependency.AnnotationDependsOnDatabaseInitializationDetector.detect(AnnotationDependsOnDatabaseInitializationDetector.java:36) at org.springframework.boot.sql.init.dependency.DatabaseInitializationDependencyConfigurer$DependsOnDatabaseInitializationPostProcessor.detectDependsOnInitializationBeanNames(DatabaseInitializationDependencyConfigurer.java:152) at org.springframework.boot.sql.init.dependency.DatabaseInitializationDependencyConfigurer$DependsOnDatabaseInitializationPostProcessor.postProcessBeanFactory(DatabaseInitializationDependencyConfigurer.java:115) at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:363) at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:197) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:791) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:609) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:753) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:439) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:318) at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.lambda$loadContext$3(SpringBootContextLoader.java:144) at org.springframework.util.function.ThrowingSupplier.get(ThrowingSupplier.java:58) at org.springframework.util.function.ThrowingSupplier.get(ThrowingSupplier.java:46) at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.withHook(SpringApplication.java:1462) at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader$ContextLoaderHook.run(SpringBootContextLoader.java:563) at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:144) at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:110) at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:225) at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:152) ... 19 more
05-14
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