02.`nacos`注册中心

本文详细介绍如何使用Nacos进行服务注册与发现,包括在Spring Boot项目中集成Nacos依赖,配置Nacos服务器地址,以及通过@EnableDiscoveryClient注解启用服务发现。同时,提供了部署Nacos到远程服务器的步骤,以及在项目中进行测试的方法。
1. 部署到远程服务器
  1. 官方文档

    Nacos Docker 快速开始

    spring-cloud-alibaba-github

  2. 部署

    1. Clone 项目

      # 克隆项目
      git clone https://github.com/nacos-group/nacos-docker.git
      

      clone 项目

    2. 进入nacos-docker/

      # 进入 nacos-docker/ 文件夹
      cd nacos-docker/
      

      进入

    3. 单机模式 Derby

      # 后台运行启动 nacos Derby单机模式
      docker-compose -f example/standalone-derby.yaml up -d
      

      单机模式

    4. 查看容器是否正常启动

      # 查看容器
      docker ps -a
      

      查看容器

    5. 登录nacos

      1. 浏览器输入地址:ip:8848/nacos/

        ip:8848/nacos/

      2. 初始账号/密码nacos

        登录

        首页

    6. 可在权限控制用户列表修改密码、创建用户等

      权限控制

2. 使用
  1. 依赖

    1. pom.xml

      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
          <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
          
          <parent>
              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
              <version>2.2.9.RELEASE</version>
              <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
          </parent>
          
          <groupId>com.sheng.cloud</groupId>
          <artifactId>nacos-demo</artifactId>
          <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
          <name>nacos-demo</name>
          <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
      
          <properties>
              <java.version>1.8</java.version>
              <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.1.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
          </properties>
      
          <dependencies>
              <!-- web -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              
              <!-- nacos 注册中心 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              
              <!-- 测试 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                  <scope>test</scope>
                  <exclusions>
                      <exclusion>
                          <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                          <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                      </exclusion>
                  </exclusions>
              </dependency>
          </dependencies>
      
          <dependencyManagement>
              <dependencies>
                  <dependency>
                      <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                      <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                      <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                      <type>pom</type>
                      <scope>import</scope>
                  </dependency>
              </dependencies>
          </dependencyManagement>
      
          <build>
              <plugins>
                  <plugin>
                      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                      <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                  </plugin>
              </plugins>
          </build>
      
      </project>
      
    2. 说明

      1. 主要添加nacosstarter依赖

        <dependencies>
            <!-- nacos -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        
      2. spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-discoery的父依赖

        <properties>
            <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.1.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
        </properties>
        
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <!-- spring-cloud-alibaba 父依赖 -->
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
        
  2. 配置文件及启动类

    1. application.yml主配置文件

      server:
        port: 8080
      spring:
        application:
          # 注册到服务中心的服务名 
          name: nacos-demo
        cloud:
          nacos:
            discovery:
              # 必须配置,nacos安装的服务器的ip地址
              server-addr: 120.25.207.44:8848
              cluster-name: ${spring.application.name}
      
      • nacos安装的服务器的ip地址如果有多个,用,隔开,例如

        spring:
          cloud:
            nacos:
              discovery:
                server-addr: 120.25.207.44:8848,120.25.207.44:8849,120.25.207.44:8850
        
      • 对于server-addr:,如果报以下错误(nacos地址拼写错误),ip:端口加上双引号即可解决,或者写上完整路径http://120.25.207.44:8848。解决之后再去掉双引号或者改回原来的ip:端口即可

        Caused by: com.alibaba.nacos.api.exception.NacosException: failed to req API:/api//nacos/v1/ns/instance after all servers...
        
    2. 启动类用@EnableDiscoveryClient注解标记

      import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
      import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
      import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
      
      @EnableDiscoveryClient
      @SpringBootApplication
      public class NacosDemoApplication {
      
          public static void main(String[] args) {
              SpringApplication.run(NacosDemoApplication.class, args);
          }
      
      }
      
  3. 测试

    1. 书写测试controller

      @RestController
      @RequestMapping("/hello")
      public class HelloNacosController {
          @GetMapping("/hello")
          public String hello() {
              return "Hello nacos!";
          }
      }
      
    2. 目录结构

      目录结构

    3. 启动并在nacos网站查看是否注册成功

      1. 服务管理服务列表

        服务管理

      2. 服务名是程序在主配置文件application.yml中设置的spring.application.name

        spring:
          application:
            name: 
        
  4. nacos-demo 源码

2025-05-20 16:36:59.151 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.i.m.core.xxljob.XxlJobAutoConfig : >>>>>>>>>>> xxl-job 2.* config init . 2025-05-20 16:36:59.639 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.s.c.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler : Initializing ExecutorService 'taskScheduler' 2025-05-20 16:37:00.027 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.xxl.job.core.executor.XxlJobExecutor : >>>>>>>>>>> xxl-job register jobhandler success, name:priceAdjustJob, jobHandler:com.xxl.job.core.handler.impl.MethodJobHandler@63834ee3[class com.iflytek.ima.basic.job.PriceAdjustJobHandler#priceAdjustJob] 2025-05-20 16:37:00.206 INFO 1 --- [ main] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : init new ips(0) service: DEFAULT_GROUP@@ima-basic@@DEFAULT -> [] 2025-05-20 16:37:00.207 INFO 1 --- [ main] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : current ips:(0) service: DEFAULT_GROUP@@ima-basic@@DEFAULT -> [] 2025-05-20 16:37:00.209 INFO 1 --- [ Thread-59] com.xxl.job.core.server.EmbedServer : >>>>>>>>>>> xxl-job remoting server start success, nettype = class com.xxl.job.core.server.EmbedServer, port = 32015 2025-05-20 16:37:00.263 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 32010 (http) with context path '' 2025-05-20 16:37:00.268 INFO 1 --- [ main] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : [REGISTER-SERVICE] dev-security registering service ima-basic with instance Instance{instanceId='null', ip='172.30.8.117', port=32010, weight=1.0, healthy=true, enabled=true, ephemeral=true, clusterName='DEFAULT', serviceName='null', metadata={preserved.register.source=SPRING_CLOUD}} 2025-05-20 16:37:00.277 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.a.c.n.registry.NacosServiceRegistry : nacos registry, DEFAULT_GROUP ima-basic 172.30.8.117:32010 register finished 2025-05-20 16:37:00.286 INFO 1 --- [ main] d.s.w.p.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper : Context refreshed 2025-05-20 16:37:00.329 INFO 1 --- [ main] d.s.w.p.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper : Found 1 custom documentation plugin(s) 2025-05-20 16:37:00.329 INFO 1 --- [ main] d.s.w.p.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper : Skipping initializing disabled plugin bean swagger v2.0 2025-05-20 16:37:00.360 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.i.ima.basic.BasicServiceApplication : Started BasicServiceApplication in 43.311 seconds (JVM running for 49.587) 2025-05-20 16:37:00.371 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.a.n.client.config.impl.ClientWorker : [config_rpc_client] [subscribe] ima-basic+DEFAULT_GROUP+dev-security 2025-05-20 16:37:00.371 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.a.nacos.client.config.impl.CacheData : [config_rpc_client] [add-listener] ok, tenant=dev-security, dataId=ima-basic, group=DEFAULT_GROUP, cnt=1 2025-05-20 16:37:00.371 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.a.nacos.client.config.impl.CacheData : [config_rpc_client] [add-listener] ok, tenant=dev-security, dataId=application.yml, group=DEFAULT_GROUP, cnt=2 2025-05-20 16:37:00.372 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.a.n.client.config.impl.ClientWorker : [config_rpc_client] [subscribe] ima-basic.properties+DEFAULT_GROUP+dev-security 2025-05-20 16:37:00.372 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.a.nacos.client.config.impl.CacheData : [config_rpc_client] [add-listener] ok, tenant=dev-security, dataId=ima-basic.properties, group=DEFAULT_GROUP, cnt=1 2025-05-20 16:37:00.372 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.a.nacos.client.config.impl.CacheData : [config_rpc_client] [add-listener] ok, tenant=dev-security, dataId=ima-basic.yml, group=DEFAULT_GROUP, cnt=2 2025-05-20 16:37:00.785 INFO 1 --- [ient-executor-9] com.alibaba.nacos.common.remote.client : [1fda2827-4f48-49f1-9b19-506370ee67af]receive server push request,request=NotifySubscriberRequest,requestId=75653633 2025-05-20 16:37:00.787 INFO 1 --- [ient-executor-9] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : new ips(1) service: DEFAULT_GROUP@@ima-basic@@DEFAULT -> [{"ip":"172.30.8.117","port":32010,"weight":1.0,"healthy":true,"enabled":true,"ephemeral":true,"clusterName":"DEFAULT","serviceName":"DEFAULT_GROUP@@ima-basic","metadata":{"preserved.register.source":"SPRING_CLOUD"},"ipDeleteTimeout":30000,"instanceHeartBeatTimeOut":15000,"instanceHeartBeatInterval":5000}] 2025-05-20 16:37:00.787 INFO 1 --- [ient-executor-9] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : current ips:(1) service: DEFAULT_GROUP@@ima-basic@@DEFAULT -> [{"ip":"172.30.8.117","port":32010,"weight":1.0,"healthy":true,"enabled":true,"ephemeral":true,"clusterName":"DEFAULT","serviceName":"DEFAULT_GROUP@@ima-basic","metadata":{"preserved.register.source":"SPRING_CLOUD"},"ipDeleteTimeout":30000,"instanceHeartBeatTimeOut":15000,"instanceHeartBeatInterval":5000}] 2025-05-20 16:37:00.787 INFO 1 --- [ient-executor-9] com.alibaba.nacos.common.remote.client : [1fda2827-4f48-49f1-9b19-506370ee67af]ack server push request,request=NotifySubscriberRequest,requestId=75653633 2025-05-20 16:37:02.239 INFO 1 --- [io-32010-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet' 2025-05-20 16:37:02.239 INFO 1 --- [io-32010-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet' 2025-05-20 16:37:02.259 INFO 1 --- [io-32010-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : Completed initialization in 20 ms 2025-05-20 16:37:32.458 WARN 1 --- [ Thread-5] c.a.n.common.http.HttpClientBeanHolder : [HttpClientBeanHolder] Start destroying common HttpClient 2025-05-20 16:37:32.459 WARN 1 --- [ Thread-14] c.a.nacos.common.notify.NotifyCenter : [NotifyCenter] Start destroying Publisher 2025-05-20 16:37:32.460 WARN 1 --- [ Thread-14] c.a.nacos.common.notify.NotifyCenter : [NotifyCenter] Destruction of the end 2025-05-20 16:37:32.460 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] c.i.i.b.h.config.CustomThreadPoolConfig : 应用即将停止…… 2025-05-20 16:37:32.461 WARN 1 --- [ Thread-5] c.a.n.common.http.HttpClientBeanHolder : [HttpClientBeanHolder] Destruction of the end 2025-05-20 16:37:32.502 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] o.s.s.c.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler : Shutting down ExecutorService 'Nacos-Watch-Task-Scheduler' 2025-05-20 16:37:32.510 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] o.s.s.c.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler : Shutting down ExecutorService 'taskScheduler' 2025-05-20 16:37:32.512 INFO 1 --- [ Thread-59] com.xxl.job.core.server.EmbedServer : >>>>>>>>>>> xxl-job remoting server stop. 2025-05-20 16:37:32.515 INFO 1 --- [rRegistryThread] c.x.j.c.thread.ExecutorRegistryThread : >>>>>>>>>>> xxl-job registry-remove success, registryParam:RegistryParam{registryGroup='EXECUTOR', registryKey='xxl-job-ima-basic', registryValue='http://172.30.8.117:32015/'}, registryResult:ReturnT [code=200, msg=null, content=null] 2025-05-20 16:37:32.515 INFO 1 --- [rRegistryThread] c.x.j.c.thread.ExecutorRegistryThread : >>>>>>>>>>> xxl-job, executor registry thread destory. 2025-05-20 16:37:32.516 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.xxl.job.core.server.EmbedServer : >>>>>>>>>>> xxl-job remoting server destroy success. 2025-05-20 16:37:32.516 INFO 1 --- [FileCleanThread] c.x.j.core.thread.JobLogFileCleanThread : >>>>>>>>>>> xxl-job, executor JobLogFileCleanThread thread destory. 2025-05-20 16:37:32.516 INFO 1 --- [rCallbackThread] c.x.j.core.thread.TriggerCallbackThread : >>>>>>>>>>> xxl-job, executor callback thread destory. 2025-05-20 16:37:32.516 INFO 1 --- [ Thread-58] c.x.j.core.thread.TriggerCallbackThread : >>>>>>>>>>> xxl-job, executor retry callback thread destory. 2025-05-20 16:37:32.517 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] c.a.c.n.registry.NacosServiceRegistry : De-registering from Nacos Server now... 2025-05-20 16:37:32.517 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : [DEREGISTER-SERVICE] dev-security deregistering service ima-basic with instance: Instance{instanceId='null', ip='172.30.8.117', port=32010, weight=1.0, healthy=true, enabled=true, ephemeral=true, clusterName='DEFAULT', serviceName='null', metadata={}} 2025-05-20 16:37:32.521 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] c.a.c.n.registry.NacosServiceRegistry : De-registration finished. 2025-05-20 16:37:32.522 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.cache.ServiceInfoHolder do shutdown begin 2025-05-20 16:37:32.522 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.backups.FailoverReactor do shutdown begin 2025-05-20 16:37:32.522 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.backups.FailoverReactor do shutdown stop 2025-05-20 16:37:32.522 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.cache.ServiceInfoHolder do shutdown stop 2025-05-20 16:37:32.522 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.remote.NamingClientProxyDelegate do shutdown begin 2025-05-20 16:37:32.522 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.core.ServiceInfoUpdateService do shutdown begin 2025-05-20 16:37:32.823 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.core.ServiceInfoUpdateService do shutdown stop 2025-05-20 16:37:32.824 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.core.ServerListManager do shutdown begin 2025-05-20 16:37:32.824 WARN 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : [NamingHttpClientManager] Start destroying NacosRestTemplate 2025-05-20 16:37:32.824 WARN 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : [NamingHttpClientManager] Destruction of the end 2025-05-20 16:37:32.824 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.core.ServerListManager do shutdown stop 2025-05-20 16:37:32.824 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.remote.http.NamingHttpClientProxy do shutdown begin 2025-05-20 16:37:32.824 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.beat.BeatReactor do shutdown begin 2025-05-20 16:37:32.824 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.beat.BeatReactor do shutdown stop 2025-05-20 16:37:32.824 WARN 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : [NamingHttpClientManager] Start destroying NacosRestTemplate 2025-05-20 16:37:32.824 WARN 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : [NamingHttpClientManager] Destruction of the end 2025-05-20 16:37:32.824 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] c.a.n.client.identify.CredentialWatcher : [null] CredentialWatcher is stopped 2025-05-20 16:37:32.824 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] c.a.n.client.identify.CredentialService : [null] CredentialService is freed 2025-05-20 16:37:32.824 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming : com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.remote.http.NamingHttpClientProxy do shutdown stop 2025-05-20 16:37:32.824 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.common.remote.client : Shutdown rpc client ,set status to shutdown 2025-05-20 16:37:32.824 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.common.remote.client : Shutdown client event executor java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor@3be90f6e[Running, pool size = 2, active threads = 2, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 0] 2025-05-20 16:37:32.825 INFO 1 --- [extShutdownHook] com.alibaba.nacos.common.remote.client : Close current connection 1747730217219_172.30.8.105_45583 2025-05-20 16:37:32.827 INFO 1 --- [
05-21
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