ChatGPT 论文:Enhancing Few-shot Text-to-SQL Capabilities of Large Language Models (二)

文章详细分析了使用ChatGPT和Codex在Spider数据集上的实验,展示了通过结合相似性和多样性示例选择、架构表示增强以及投票集成等策略,可以显著提高大语言模型在文本到SQL任务中的执行准确度。

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ChatGPT 论文:Enhancing Few-shot Text-to-SQL Capabilities of Large Language Models (一)

3 实验

3.1 实验设置

数据集

Spider:复杂文本到SQL问题的跨领域数据集。
Spider-Syn:使用同义词替换Spider问题中的模式相关词汇,评估系统的鲁棒性。
Spider-DK:在Spider示例中添加领域知识,评估跨领域泛化能力。
Spider-Realistic:去除列名的明确提及,模拟更现实的文本-表格对齐设置。

模型

使用Codex(基于GPT-3的变体)和ChatGPT (gpt-3.5-turbo)来评估不同ICL策略。
Codex在1到10-shot范围内提供结果,而ChatGPT因最大上下文长度限制仅提供1到5-shot的结果。

评估指标

使用执行准确度作为所有实验的评估指标。

Baseline

主要分为Few-shot和Zero-shot上的实验,包括:

Few-shot
  • Random sampling ®: 从样本池中随机选择示例。
  • Similarity sampling (S)
  • Diversity sampling (D): 从样本池的k-Means聚类中选择多样化示例。
  • <
### Few-Shot Learning Introduction Few-shot learning refers to a class of machine learning problems where the model is required to learn from very few examples, typically one or just a handful per category. This approach mimics human ability to generalize from limited data and has become an important area within deep learning research. The task layer's prior knowledge includes all methods that "learn how to learn," such as optimizing parameters for unseen tasks through meta-learning techniques which can provide good initialization for novel tasks[^1]. In this context: - **Meta-Learning**: Aims at designing models capable of fast adaptation with minimal training samples by leveraging previously acquired experience. - **Metric Learning**: Focuses on learning distance metrics between instances so similar ones are closer together while dissimilar remain apart in embedding space. #### Applications in Machine Learning One prominent application involves fine-grained classification using small datasets like Mini-ImageNet, demonstrating performance improvements when comparing different algorithms' embeddings propagation capabilities over time steps (Figure 7)[^2]. Another example comes from multi-label classification scenarios where combining MLP classifiers alongside KNN-based predictions enhances overall accuracy compared to traditional approaches relying solely upon prototype definitions derived directly from support sets during inference phases[^3]. Moreover, hybrid embedding strategies have been explored; these integrate both generalizable features learned across diverse domains along with specialized adjustments made specifically towards target-specific characteristics present only within given training distributions[Dtrain], thereby improving adaptability without sacrificing efficiency too much relative purely invariant alternatives[^4]. ```python def few_shot_classifier(embedding_model, classifier_type='mlp_knn'): """ Demonstrates a simple implementation outline for integrating Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). Args: embedding_model: Pre-trained neural network used to generate feature vectors. classifier_type: Type of final decision mechanism ('mlp', 'knn', or 'mlp_knn'). Returns: Combined prediction scores based on selected strategy. """ pass # Placeholder function body ``` --related questions-- 1. What specific challenges do few-shot learning systems face? 2. How does metric learning contribute to enhancing few-shot recognition abilities? 3. Can you explain more about the role of prototypes in few-shot classification schemes? 4. Are there any notable differences between MAML and other optimization-based meta-learning frameworks? 5. Which types of real-world problems benefit most significantly from applying few-shot learning methodologies?
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