IOT Gateway 配置

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#iot #thingsboard #gateway #存储 #设备

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本文档详细介绍了ThingsBoard网关的配置流程，包括主配置文件的设置、安全子模块配置、存储配置以及多种连接器配置等内容。适用于希望了解如何配置ThingsBoard网关以连接各种设备的开发人员。

目录结构

/etc/thingsboard-gateway/config - Configuration folder.
tb_gateway.yaml - Main configuration file for Gateway.
logs.conf - Configuration file for logging.
modbus.json - Modbus connector configuration.
mqtt.json - MQTT connector configuration.
ble.json - BLE connector configuration.
opcua.json - OPC-UA connector configuration.
request.json - Request connector configuration.
can.json - CAN connector configuration.
...

/var/lib/thingsboard_gateway/extensions - Folder for custom connectors/converters.
modbus - Folder for Modbus custom connectors/converters.
mqtt - Folder for MQTT custom connectors/converters.
__init__.py - Default python package file, needed for correct imports.
custom_uplink_mqtt_converter.py - Custom Mqtt converter example.
...
opcua - Folder for OPC-UA custom connectors/converters.
ble - Folder for BLE custom connectors/converters.
request - Folder for Request custom connectors/converters.
can - Folder for CAN custom connectors/converters.

/var/log/thingsboard-gateway - Logs folder
connector.log - Connector logs.
service.log - Main gateway service logs.
storage.log - Storage logs.
tb_connection.log - Logs for connection to the ThingsBoard instance.

通用配置文件

主配置问及那用于连接到ThingsBoard平台实例和启用/禁用连接器。这配置文件只想ThingsBoard实例并使用配置为存储最多100000条记录的内存文件存储。有4个不同的连接器处于活动状态。如果您只想使用其中之一，只需移除所有其他连接器。

主配置文件样例：

thingsboard:
  host: thingsboard.cloud
  port: 1883
  security:
    accessToken: PUT_YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN_HERE
storage:
  type: memory
  read_records_count: 100
  max_records_count: 100000
connectors:
  -
    name: MQTT Broker Connector
    type: mqtt
    configuration: mqtt.json

  -
    name: Modbus Connector
    type: modbus
    configuration: modbus.json

  -
    name: Modbus Connector
    type: modbus
    configuration: modbus_serial.json

  -
    name: OPC-UA Connector
    type: opcua
    configuration: opcua.json

  -
    name: BLE Connector
    type: ble
    configuration: ble.json

  -
    name: CAN Connector
    type: can
    configuration: can.json

  -
    name: Custom Serial Connector
    type: serial
    configuration: custom_serial.json
    class: CustomSerialConnector

配置文件中的模块

thingsboard - 用于连接到ThingsBoard 平台的配置
storage - 用于本地存储来自设备的数据的配置
connectors - 连接器数组及其要使用的配置

安全子模块“security”

三种不同的安全配置

访问令牌（Access Token）

登录您的ThingsBoard平台来获取访问令牌。首先进入到设备选项卡（设备为网关的）

参数	默认值	描述
accessToken	PUT_YOUR_GW_ACCESS_TOKEN_HEAR	来自ThingsBoard服务器的网关的访问令牌

安全子模块的配置如下所示：

...
  security:
    accessToken: PUT_YOUR_GW_ACCESS_TOKEN_HERE
...

安全传输协议 + 访问令牌（TLS + Access Token）

参数	默认值	描述
accessToken	PUT_YOUR_GW_ACCESS_TOKEN_HEAR	来自 ThingsBoard服务器的网关访问令牌
caCert	/etc/thingsboard-gateway/mqttserver.pub.pem	CA证书文件

安全子模块的配置如下所示：

  security:
    accessToken: PUT_YOUR_GW_ACCESS_TOKEN_HERE
    caCert: /etc/thingsboard-gateway/mqttserver.pub.pem

安全传输协议 + 私钥（TLS + Private Key）

参数	默认值	描述
caCert	/etc/thingsboard-gateway/ca.pem	CA证书文件
privateKey	/etc/thingsboard-gateway/privateKey.pem	私钥文件
cert	/etc/thingsboard-gateway/certificate.pem	证书文件

安全子模块的配置如下所示：

  security:
    privateKey: /etc/thingsboard-gateway/privateKey.pem
    caCert: /etc/thingsboard-gateway/ca.pem
    cert: /etc/thingsboard-gateway/certificate.pem

存储配置

存储模块配置提供了在将传入数据发送到ThingsBoard平台之前保存传入数据的相关配置。其中有两种存储方式：内存和文件

1. 内存存储 - 接收到的数据存储到内存中

2. 文件存储 - 接收到的数据存储到硬盘中

内存存储(磁盘空间充足时建议使用该方式)

参数	默认值	描述
type	memory	存储类型（存储到内存）
read_records_count	10	从存储中获取并发送到ThingsBoard的消息数量
max_records_count*	100	发送到ThingsBoard之前存储的最大数据量

备注：如果接收到的数据超过最大存储最大值，新的数据将会丢失

存储模块配置如下所示：

storage:
  type: memory
  read_records_count: 10
  max_records_count: 1000

文件存储（需要持久化保存的建议使用该方式）

参数	默认值	描述
type	file	存储类型（存储到硬盘）
data_folder_path	./data/	文件路径
max_file_count	5	将会保存的最大文件数
max_read_records_count*	6	从存储中获取并发送到ThingsBoard的消息数量
max_records_per_file	14	每个文件存储的最大记录数

备注：如果接收到的数据超过最大存储最大值，新的数据将会丢失

存储模块的配置如下所示：

storage
  type: file
  data_folder_path: ./data/
  max_file_count: 5
  max_read_records_count: 6
  max_records_per_file: 14

连接器配置

通过实现不同协议连接到设备的配置，每种连接器的配置参数如下表所示：

参数	默认值	描述
name	MQTT Broker Connector	连接到broker的连接器名称
type	mqtt	连接器类型
configuration	mqtt.json	配置文件的名字

connectors:

  -
    name: MQTT Broker Connector
    type: mqtt
    configuration: mqtt.json

  -
    name: Modbus Connector
    type: modbus
    configuration: modbus.json

  -
    name: Modbus Connector
    type: modbus
    configuration: modbus_serial.json

  -
    name: OPC-UA Connector
    type: opcua
    configuration: opcua.json

  -
    name: BLE Connector
    type: ble
    configuration: ble.json

  -
    name: CAN Connector
    type: can
    configuration: can.json

  -
    name: Custom Serial Connector
    type: serial
    configuration: custom_serial.json
    class: CustomSerialConnector