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本文探讨了程序性能受资源共享及输入数据的影响,并介绍了通过分析预测性能的方法。同时,深入讨论了数据结构的基础概念,包括不同类型的树结构及其在算法中的应用。

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In an environment where resources are being shared, even the same program can have varying performance characteristics at two different times. Second, many programs are extremely sensitive to their input data, and performance might fluctuate wildly depending on the input.

one may run much more efficiently on one particular kind of input and the second may run efficiently under other circumstances.

we can often use approximate analytic results in conjunction with empirical studies to predict performance accurately.

writing programs that exclusively process bits would be tiresome indeed

All of our data structures are comprised of objects and references to objects
All of our data structures consist of objects and references to objects

Our primary goal is to lay the groundwork for the development

the higher-level constructs that will serve as the basis for most of the algorithms

It is customary to refer to these basic types by their Java names

we defer consideration of character data to Section 3.6

We use a fixed number of bits to represent numbers

choosing from among the types int, long, short, or byte for integers and from among float or double for floating-point numbers

we think of the type of the data more in terms of the needs of the program than the capabilities of the machine

the operations that we perform on them

a list of sets of values (primitive or other types) and associated operations (methods).

Many of the operations associated with standard data types (for example, the arithmetic operations) are built into the Java language
All the methods associated with this Iterface are used to operate on Integer data.

These diagrams show examples of a binary tree (top left), a ternary tree (top right), a rooted tree (bottom left), and a free tree (bottom right).

A rooted tree is one where we designate one node as the root of a tree

even though this convention seems unnatural at first

father children sibling

That is, a binary tree is a special type of ordered tree, an ordered tree is a special type of rooted tree, and a rooted tree is a special type of free tree

The different types of trees arise naturally in various applications

This definition makes it plain that ...

we are working with just one concrete realization of that abstraction

This alternative is analogous to a doubly linked list

The binary-tree representation depicted in ...

Any one of these conditions is necessary and sufficient to prove the other three

 knowing different tree abstractions is often an essential ingredient in finding an efficient algorithm and corresponding data structure for a given problem
 
 we also often profit from working with the proper tree abstraction
 
 it serves as the basis for many basic algorithms for processing graphs
 
 inserting the element into the vacated position
 
 E-MAIL CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This e-mail, including attachments, may include confidential patient health information and/or proprietary information, and is intended only for the use of the individual or entity to which it is addressed. If the reader of this e-mail is not the intended recipient or his or her authorized agent, the reader is hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this e-mail is prohibited. If you have received this e-mail in error, please notify the sender by replying to this message and delete this e-mail immediately.

but there is a hidden cost that is interesting to consider

we defer considering the implementation in detail until Chapter 10

The main drawback to CGI is that it must run a new copy of the CGI-aware program
for each request. This is a relatively expensive process that can bog down
high-volume sites where thousands of requests are serviced per minute. Another
drawback is that CGI programs tend to be platform dependent. A CGI program
written for one operating system may not run on another./

Sun’s Java Servlet platform directly addresses the two main drawbacks of CGI programs.
First, servlets offer better performance and utilization of resources than
conventional CGI programs. Second, the write-once, run-anywhere nature of Java
means that servlets are portable between operating systems that have a Java Virtual
Machine (JVM).

Cookies and URL rewriting are two common ways to keep track of users between requests.

Once the servlet has been created, using it for additional requests incurs
very little overhead./
While Java servlets are a big step up from CGI programs, they are not a panacea.

This chapter explores the Struts framework in depth and highlights the benefits
Struts can bring to your development efforts.

Choosing a web application framework should not be a casual decision. Many
people will use this book, and especially this chapter, as part of evaluating Struts
for their project. Accordingly, we conclude this chapter with a candid look at the
strengths and weaknesses of the Struts framework and address concerns regarding
overall performance. Struts is designed for professional developers. To make
informed decisions, professionals need to be aware of both a tool’s capabilities
and its limitations./

Developing for the web, while rewarding, brings its own set of
challenges. Let’s take a quick look at what makes web development so challenging.

Input may even be hostile and contrived to harm the application.


Since there are so many obstacles
to writing robust web applications, using a framework is vital, lest your application
become an endless series of workarounds and kluges.

drawback shortcoming weakness

Struts has already outgrown its mailing list.

This tells us that the official reference copy of this document’s DTD can be found
at the indicated URL. 

内容概要:本文详细探讨了基于阻尼连续可调减振器(CDC)的半主动悬架系统的控制策略。首先建立了CDC减振器的动力学模型,验证了其阻尼特性,并通过实验确认了模型的准确性。接着,搭建了1/4车辆悬架模型,分析了不同阻尼系数对悬架性能的影响。随后,引入了PID、自适应模糊PID和模糊-PID并联三种控制策略,通过仿真比较它们的性能提升效果。研究表明,模糊-PID并联控制能最优地提升悬架综合性能,在平顺性和稳定性间取得最佳平衡。此外,还深入分析了CDC减振器的特性,优化了控制策略,并进行了系统级验证。 适用人群:从事汽车工程、机械工程及相关领域的研究人员和技术人员,尤其是对车辆悬架系统和控制策略感兴趣的读者。 使用场景及目标:①适用于研究和开发基于CDC减振器的半主动悬架系统的工程师;②帮助理解不同控制策略(如PID、模糊PID、模糊-PID并联)在悬架系统中的应用及其性能差异;③为优化车辆行驶舒适性和稳定性提供理论依据和技术支持。 其他说明:本文不仅提供了详细的数学模型和仿真代码,还通过实验数据验证了模型的准确性。对于希望深入了解CDC减振器工作原理及其控制策略的读者来说,本文是一份极具价值的参考资料。同时,文中还介绍了多种控制策略的具体实现方法及其优缺点,为后续的研究和实际应用提供了有益的借鉴。
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