Linux系统管理与yum包管理-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/richeng_/article/details/89215591

查找/var目录下不属于root、lp、gdm的所有文件

[root@ansible ~]# find /var -not \( -user root -o -user lp -o -user gdm \) -ls
309319    0 drwxr-xr-x   2 abrt     abrt            6 Mar 22 13:03 /var/tmp/abrt
  3969   12 -rw-------   1 wang     wang        12288 Apr  7 01:23 /var/tmp/nologin.sh.swp
16957095    0 drwxr-xr-x   4 colord   colord         67 Mar 22 13:04 /var/lib/colord
33585253    0 drwxr-xr-x   2 colord   colord          6 Aug  6  2017 /var/lib/colord/icc
16777300    4 -rw-r--r--   1 colord   colord       4096 Mar 22 13:04 /var/lib/colord/mapping.db
16958097    8 -rw-r--r--   1 colord   colord       7168 Mar 22 13:04 /var/lib/colord/storage.db
16958098    0 drwx------   2 colord   colord          6 Mar 22 13:04 /var/lib/colord/.cache
   116    0 drwx------   2 rpc      rpc             6 Oct 30 19:00 /var/lib/rpcbind
50331742    0 drwx------   2 pulse    pulse           6 Apr 12  2018 /var/lib/pulse
   121    0 drwxr-xr-x   2 chrony   chrony         19 Apr 10 06:06 
······
/var/www/cobbler_webui_content/jsgrowl_corners_hover.png
16958131    4 -rw-r--r--   1 apache   apache       3573 Nov 17 10:10 /var/www/cobbler_webui_content/jsgrowl_middle_hover.png
16958132    4 -rw-r--r--   1 apache   apache       3575 Nov 17 10:10 /var/www/cobbler_webui_content/jsgrowl_side_hover.png
16958133   20 -rw-r--r--   1 apache   apache      19042 Nov 17 10:10 /var/www/cobbler_webui_content/logo-cobbler.png
16958134    8 -rw-r--r--   1 apache   apache       6610 Nov 17 10:10 /var/www/cobbler_webui_content/style.css
16958135    4 -rw-r--r--   1 apache   apache        426 Nov 17 10:10 /var/www/cobbler_webui_content/tooltip.png

统计/etc/init.d/functions文件中每个单词的出现次数，并排序（用grep和sed两种方法实现）

[root@ansible ~]# cat /etc/init.d/functions | sed -r 's/[^[:alpha:]]+/\n/g' | sort | uniq -c | sort -k1 -rn

[root@ansible ~]# cat /etc/init.d/functions | grep -Eo [[:alpha:]]+ | sort | uniq -c| sort -rn

利用sed取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址

[root@ansible ~]# ifconfig ens33 | sed -nr '2s/.*et //p'| sed  -nr 's/ .*//p' 
192.168.79.17

yum的配置和使用总结

yum配置文件：/etc/yum.conf

[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever #yum缓存的目录，yum在此处存储下载的rpm包和数据库，一般是/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releaserver
keepcache=0 #是否保留缓存内容，0表示安装后删除软件包，1表示安装后保留软件包
debuglevel=2 #除错级别
logfile=/var/log/yum.log #存放系统更新软件的日志的目录
exactarch=1 #是否升级和安装软件包cpu体系一致的包
obsoletes=1 
gpgcheck=1  #是否进行gpg校验
plugins=1  
installonly_limit=5 
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release

yum仓库配置文件：/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo

[epel-source] #serverid，用于区别不同的repo仓库，必须不相同
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Source #对repo仓库的描述信息
baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/SRPMS #获取软件的地址
metalink=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-source-7&arch=$basearch #元数据的地址     
failovermethod=priority #有多个url可供选择时的选择方式，piority表示顺序执行，roundrobin表示随机选择
enabled=0 #是否启用仓库
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 #gpg验证文件地址
gpgcheck=1 #是否启用gpg验证方式

yum-config-manager --enable epel 启动epel仓库

yum-config-manager --disable epel 禁用epel仓库

yum repolist [all|enabled|disabled] 显示所有/启用的/禁用的仓库

yum install package1 [package2] […] 安装软件包

yum reinstall package1 [package2] […] 重新安装

yum update [package1] [package2] […] 升级软件包

yum downgrade [package1] [package2] […] 降级软件包

yum remove | erase package1 [package2] […] 卸载软件包

yum info [package1] 查看软件包信息

yum makecache 构建缓存

yum clean all 清除所有缓存

yum history 查看yum操作历史

yum history undo 6 撤销历史编号为6的yum操作

系统初始化脚本，包括别名，提示符颜色，yum仓库配置文件

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 cat > /etc/profile.d/env.sh <<EOF
  3 alias cdnet='cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts'
  4 alias editnet='vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33'
  5 export PATH=/data:$PATH
  6 EOF
  7 source /etc/profile.d/env.sh
  8 
  9 cat > ~/.vimrc <<EOF
 10 set nu
 11 set ai
 12 EOF
 13 source ~/.vimrc
 14 
 15 cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/cdrom.repo <<EOF
 16 [cdrom]
 17 name=cdrom
 18 baseurl=file:///media
 19 enabled=1
 20 gpgcheck=0
 21 EOF
 22 
 23 rpm -q tree &> /dev/null &&echo "tree has been installed" || (yum -y install tre    e&>/dev/null && echo "tree installed successful || echo "install failed")
 24 rpm -q ftp &> /dev/null &&echo "ftp has been installed" || (yum -y install ftp&>    /dev/null && echo "ftp installed successful || echo "install failed")
 25 rpm -q lftp &> /dev/null &&echo "lftp has been installed" || (yum -y install lft    p&>/dev/null && echo "lftp installed successful || echo "install failed")
 26 rpm -q telnet &> /dev/null &&echo "telnet has been installed" || (yum -y install     telnet&>/dev/null && echo "telnet installed successful || echo "install failed"    )
 27 
 28 echo "init finish"

在CentOS7上编译安装apache2.4源码包，并启动此服务

[root@www_80 ~]# wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2.4.1.tar.bz2
[root@www_80 ~]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.1.tar.bz2
[root@www_80 httpd-2.4.1]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE     BuildBin.dsp   httpd.dsp       Makefile.in       ROADMAP
acinclude.m4     buildconf      httpd.spec      Makefile.win      server
Apache-apr2.dsw  CHANGES        include         modules           srclib
Apache.dsw       config.layout  INSTALL         NOTICE            support
apache_probes.d  configure      InstallBin.dsp  NWGNUmakefile     test
ap.d             configure.in   LAYOUT          os                VERSIONING
build            docs           libhttpd.dsp    README
BuildAll.dsp     emacs-style    LICENSE         README.platforms
[root@www_80 httpd-2.4.1]# yum -y groupinstall Development\ Tools 
[root@www_80 httpd-2.4.1]# ./configure --prefix=/data/app/apache2/ --enable-ssl --enable-rewrite
[root@www_80 httpd-2.4.1]# make
[root@www_80 httpd-2.4.1]# make install
[root@www_80 bin]# pwd
/data/app/apache2/bin
[root@www_80 bin]# ls
ab         checkgid   envvars-std   htdbm     httpd       rotatelogs
apachectl  dbmmanage  fcgistarter   htdigest  httxt2dbm
apxs       envvars    htcacheclean  htpasswd  logresolve
[root@www_80 bin]# ./apachectl start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fecb:2ba6. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
httpd (pid 47865) already running
[root@www_80 bin]# ss -ntl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128            *:111                        *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128            *:6000                       *:*                  
LISTEN     0      5      192.168.122.1:53                         *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128            *:22                         *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:631                        *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                         *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128           :::111                       :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128           :::8080                      :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128           :::6000                      :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128           :::22                        :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128          ::1:631                       :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100          ::1:25                        :::*