本文详细介绍SUMO交通仿真系统的使用方法，包括参数配置、输入输出选项、时间控制及处理方式等内容。此外还介绍了不同仿真模式下的特殊设置，以及如何在仿真过程中处理各种设备和通信情况。
1、From 30.000 feet（相当于概览，不懂怎么翻译）
SUMO本事就是仿真的程序，它是微观的、空间上的连续、时间离散的交通流仿真。
目的：仿真一个定义好的脚本文件
系统：Linux/windows已经测试了；在命令行下运行；
输入（强制的）：
Ø 道路网络，由netconvert或者netgenerate生成，具体可以查看页面： Building Networks。
Ø 一系列路由，由daurouter、jtrrouter、dfrouter或者activitygen生成，具体可以参考：Definition of Vehicles, Vehicle Types, and Routes。
输入（可选的）：交通灯、变速标志、输出检测器等的附加定义。
输出：有多种生成文件的类型，具体可以参考SUMO-GUI。
编程语言：C++
2、用法描述
2.1参数选项
你可能用到相应的xml验证文件用来设置配置文件： sumoConfiguration.xsd。
2.1.1配置
| Option选项 | Description描述 |
| Loads the named config on startup 在运行开始前加载配置文件 | |
| --save-configuration <FILE> | Saves current configuration into FILE 保存目前的配置到文件 |
| --save-template <FILE> | Saves a configuration template (empty) into FILE 保存一个配置模板到文件 |
| --save-schema <FILE> | Saves the configuration schema into FILE 保存配置验证到文件 |
| --save-commented <BOOL> | Adds comments to saved template, configuration, or schema; default: false 增加评论到模板、配置文件或者验证文件。 |
2.1.2输入
| Option | Description |
| Load road network description from FILE 从文件中加载道路路网描述 | |
| Load routes descriptions from FILE(s) 从文件中加载路由描述 | |
| Load further descriptions from FILE(s) 从问价中加载更多的描述 | |
| Load edge/lane weights for online rerouting from FILE 从文件中加载用于在线重路由的道路或者车道的权重 | |
| Name of the xml attribute which gives the edge weight;default: traveltime | |
| --load-state <FILE> | Loads a network state from FILE 从问价中加载网络状态 |
| --load-state.offset <TIME> | Shifts all times loaded from a saved state by the given offset; default: 0 |
2.1.3输出
| Option | Description |
| --output-prefix <STRING> | Prefix which is applied to all output files. The special string 'TIME' is replaced by the current time. 应用于所有输出文件的前缀。特殊的符号“TIME”被当前的时间所代替。 |
| --netstate-dump <FILE> | Save complete network states into FILE 保存完整的网络状态到文件。 |
| --netstate-dump.empty-edges <BOOL> | Write also empty edges completely when dumping;default: false 当输出时，也写入空的道路（默认为false） |
| --netstate-dump.precision <INT> | Write positions and speeds with the given precision (default 2); default: 2 使用给定的精度写入位置和速度（默认为2） |
| --emission-output <FILE> | Save the emission values of each vehicle 保存每辆车的排放值。 |
| --emission-output.precision <INT> | Write emission values with the given precision (default 2); default: 2 使用给定的精度写入排放值（默认为2） |
| --battery-output <FILE> | Save the battery values of each vehicle 保存每辆车的电量值。 |
| --battery-output.precision <INT> | Write battery values with the given precision (default 2); default: 2 使用给定的精度写入电池电量 |
| --fcd-output <FILE> | Save the Floating Car Data 保存浮动车数据 |
| --fcd-output.geo <BOOL> | Save the Floating Car Data using geo-coordinates (lon/lat); default: false 使用地理坐标保存浮动车数据 |
| --fcd-output.signals <BOOL> | Add the vehicle signal state to the FCD output (brake lights etc.); default: false 增加车辆的信号状态到FCD输出文件（刹车信号灯）默认为false |
| --full-output <FILE> | Save a lot of information for each timestep (very redundant) 保存每一个时间步长的信息（冗余信息） |
| --queue-output <FILE> | Save the vehicle queues at the junctions (experimental) 保存在节点的车辆队列（实验性质的） |
| --vtk-output <FILE> | Save complete vehicle positions inclusive speed values in the VTK Format (usage: /path/out will produce /path/out_$TIMESTEP$.vtp files) 保存完整的车辆位置，包括速度值。使用VTK格式。 |
| --amitran-output <FILE> | Save the vehicle trajectories in the Amitran format 使用Amitran格式保存车辆的轨迹信息 |
| --summary-output <FILE> | Save aggregated vehicle departure info into FILE 将汇总的车辆进入【翻译不准确，待实验】信息保存到文件中 |
| --tripinfo-output <FILE> | Save single vehicle trip info into FILE 保存单辆车的轨迹信息 |
| --tripinfo-output.write-unfinished <BOOL> | Write tripinfo output for vehicles which have not arrived at simulation end; default: false 当车辆没有仿真结束时，写入车辆的轨迹信息。 |
| --vehroute-output <FILE> | Save single vehicle route info into FILE 保存单辆车的路由信息到文件。 |
| --vehroute-output.exit-times <BOOL> | Write the exit times for all edges; default: false 写入所有道路的推出时间，默认为false |
| --vehroute-output.last-route <BOOL> | Write the last route only; default: false 写入最后一个路由。默认为false |
| --vehroute-output.sorted <BOOL> | Sorts the output by departure time; default: false 按照离开时间排序。默认为false |
| --vehroute-output.dua <BOOL> | Write the output in the duarouter alternatives style;default: false 使用duarouter格式输出 |
| --vehroute-output.intended-depart <BOOL> | Write the output with the intended instead of the real departure time; default: false 输出预期的离开时间而不是真实的时间。 |
| --vehroute-output.route-length <BOOL> | Include total route length in the output; default: false 在输出文件中包含了全部的路由长度 |
| --vehroute-output.write-unfinished <BOOL> | Write vehroute output for vehicles which have not arrived at simulation end; default: false 输出在仿真结束仍没到达的车辆。默认为false |
| --link-output <FILE> | Save links states into FILE 保存连接状态到文件 |
| --bt-output <FILE> | Save bluetooth visibilities into FILE (in conjunction with device.btreceiver and device.btsender) 保存蓝牙可见的到文件（结合device.btreceiver和device.btsender） |
| --lanechange-output <FILE> | Record lane changes and their motivations for all vehicles into FILE 记录所有车辆的车道变化和他们的运动到文件 |
| --save-state.times {{DT_INT[]}} | Use INT[] as times at which a network state written 网络状态被写入，使用INT[]作为时间 |
| --save-state.period <TIME> | save state repeatedly after TIME period; default: -1 反复保存时间周期的状态 |
| --save-state.prefix <FILE> | Prefix for network states; default: state 网络状态的前缀 |
| --save-state.suffix <FILE> | Suffix for network states (.sbx or .xml); default: .sbx 网络状态的后缀 |
| --save-state.files <FILE> | Files for network states 网络状态的文件 |
2.1.4时间
| Option | Description |
| Defines the begin time in seconds; The simulation starts at this time; default: 0 设置启动时间，秒为单位。默认为0 | |
| Defines the end time in seconds; The simulation ends at this time; default: -1 设置结束时间，秒为单位。默认为0. | |
| --step-length <TIME> | Defines the step duration in seconds; default: 1 定义步骤时间，秒为单位。默认为1. |
2.1.5处理
| Option | Description |
| --step-method.ballistic <BOOL> | Whether to use ballistic method for the positional update of vehicles (default is a semi-implicit Euler method).; default: false 是否使用弹道方法应用于车辆位置的更新（默认是semi-implicit Euler方法），默认为false |
| --lateral-resolution <FLOAT> | Defines the resolution in m when handling lateral positioning within a lane (with -1 all vehicles drive at the center of their lane; default: -1、 在处理一个车道内的横向定位时定义m的分辨率，当是-1时，所有车辆均在车道的正中间行驶。 |
| Load routes for the next number of seconds ahead;default: 200 加载未来几秒的时间的路由，默认为200 | |
| --no-internal-links <BOOL> | Disable (junction) internal links; default: false 节点内部车道被禁用。默认为false |
| --ignore-junction-blocker <TIME> | Ignore vehicles which block the junction after they have been standing for SECONDS (-1 means never ignore);default: -1 在他们占用了几秒的时间后，忽视在节点拥堵的车辆。默认为-1，即从来不忽略。 |
| --ignore-route-errors <BOOL> | Do not check whether routes are connected; default:false 不检查是否路由是连接的。默认false |
| --ignore-accidents <BOOL> | Do not check whether accidents occur; default: false 不检查是否事故发生，默认为false |
| --collision.action <STRING> | How to deal with collisions:[none,warn,teleport,remove]; default: teleport 如何解决碰撞[none，warn，teleport，remove] |
| --collision.check-junctions <BOOL> | Enables collisions checks on junctions; default: false 在节点处的碰撞检查。 |
| --max-num-vehicles <INT> | Delay vehicle insertion to stay within the given maximum number; default: -1 延迟车辆的进入，给定最大值。默认为-1 |
| --scale <FLOAT> | Scale demand by the given factor (by discarding or duplicating vehicles); default: 1 通过给定因素确定的规模需求。 |
| --time-to-teleport <TIME> | Specify how long a vehicle may wait until being teleported, defaults to 300, non-positive values disable teleporting; default: 300 知道车辆被传送需要等待的时间，设置为负值的话，那么不能被传送。默认为300 |
| --time-to-teleport.highways <TIME> | The waiting time after which vehicles on a fast road (speed > 69m/s) are teleported if they are on a non-continuing lane; default: 0 如果车辆在一个不连续的车道，车辆在快速道路（速度大于69m/s）的等待时间。默认值为0 |
| --waiting-time-memory <TIME> | Length of time interval, over which accumulated waiting time is taken into account; default: 100 |
| --max-depart-delay <TIME> | How long vehicles wait for departure before being skipped, defaults to -1 which means vehicles are never skipped; default: -1 |
| --sloppy-insert <BOOL> | Whether insertion on an edge shall not be repeated in same step once failed; default: false |
| --eager-insert <BOOL> | Whether each vehicle is checked separately for insertion on an edge; default: false |
| --random-depart-offset <TIME> | Each vehicle receives a random offset to its depart value drawn uniformly from [0, TIME]; default: 0 |
| --lanechange.duration <TIME> | Duration of a lane change maneuver (default 0);default: 0 |
| --lanechange.overtake-right <BOOL> | Whether overtaking on the right on motorways is permitted; default: false |
| --tls.all-off <BOOL> | Switches off all traffic lights.; default: false |
| --pedestrian.model <STRING> | Select among pedestrian models ['nonInteracting', 'striping']; default: striping 选择行人的模型[“无相互作用的”,”条纹”]，默认为条纹 |
| --pedestrian.striping.stripe-width <FLOAT> | Width of parallel stripes for segmenting a sidewalk (meters) for use with model 'striping'; default: 0.65 隔离开来用于人行道的宽度，默认值为0.65米 |
| --pedestrian.striping.dawdling <FLOAT> | factor for random slow-downs [0,1] for use with model 'striping'; default: 0.2 |
| --pedestrian.striping.jamtime <TIME> | Time in seconds after which pedestrians start squeezing through a jam when using model 'striping' (non-positive values disable squeezing); default: 300 |
2.1.6路由
| Option | Description |
| --routing-algorithm <STRING> | Select among routing algorithms ['dijkstra', 'astar', 'CH', 'CHWrapper']; default: dijkstra 选取路由算法[“迪杰斯特拉”,”astar”,”CH”,”CHWrapper”]，默认为迪杰斯特拉 |
| --weights.random-factor <FLOAT> | Edge weights for routing are dynamically disturbed by a random factor drawn uniformly from [1,FLOAT);default: 1 |
| --device.rerouting.probability <FLOAT> | The probability for a vehicle to have a 'rerouting' device; default: 0 |
| --device.rerouting.explicit <STRING> | Assign a 'rerouting' device to named vehicles |
| --device.rerouting.deterministic <BOOL> | The 'rerouting' devices are set deterministic using a fraction of 1000; default: false |
| --device.rerouting.period <TIME> | The period with which the vehicle shall be rerouted;default: 0 |
| --device.rerouting.pre-period <TIME> | The rerouting period before depart; default: 1 |
| --device.rerouting.adaptation-weight <FLOAT> | The weight of prior edge weights for exponential moving average; default: 0.5 |
| --device.rerouting.adaptation-steps <INT> | The number of steps for moving average weight of prior edge weights; default: 0 |
| --device.rerouting.adaptation-interval <TIME> | The interval for updating the edge weights; default: 1 |
| --device.rerouting.with-taz <BOOL> | Use zones (districts) as routing start- and endpoints;default: false |
| --device.rerouting.init-with-loaded-weights<BOOL> | Use weight files given with option --weight-files for initializing edge weights; default: false |
| --device.rerouting.shortest-path-file <FILE> | Initialize lookup table for astar from the given distance matrix |
| --device.rerouting.threads <INT> | The number of parallel execution threads used for rerouting; default: 0 |
| --device.rerouting.output <FILE> | Save adapting weights to FILE |
2.1.7报告
| Option | Description |
| Switches to verbose output; default: false 是否使用冗余的输出，默认为false | |
| --print-options <BOOL> | Prints option values before processing; default: false 在处理前先打印出选项参数 |
| Prints this screen; default: false | |
| Prints the current version; default: false | |
| Set schema validation scheme of XML inputs ("never", "auto" or "always"); default: auto | |
| --xml-validation.net <STRING> | Set schema validation scheme of SUMO network inputs ("never", "auto" or "always"); default: never |
| Disables output of warnings; default: false | |
| Writes all messages to FILE (implies verbose) | |
| --message-log <FILE> | Writes all non-error messages to FILE (implies verbose) |
| --error-log <FILE> | Writes all warnings and errors to FILE |
| --duration-log.disable <BOOL> | Disable performance reports for individual simulation steps; default: false |
| --duration-log.statistics <BOOL> | Enable statistics on vehicle trips; default: false |
| --no-step-log <BOOL> | Disable console output of current simulation step;default: false |
2..1.8排放量
| Option | Description |
| --phemlight-path <FILE> | Determines where to load PHEMlight definitions from.;default: ./PHEMlight/ |
| --device.emissions.probability <FLOAT> | The probability for a vehicle to have a 'emissions' device; default: 0 |
| --device.emissions.explicit <STRING> | Assign a 'emissions' device to named vehicles |
| --device.emissions.deterministic <BOOL> | The 'emissions' devices are set deterministic using a fraction of 1000; default: false |
2.1.9通信
| Option | Description |
| --device.btreceiver.probability<FLOAT> | The probability for a vehicle to have a 'btreceiver' device; default: 0 车辆拥有蓝牙接收器btreceiver的可能性。 |
| --device.btreceiver.explicit <STRING> | Assign a 'btreceiver' device to named vehicles |
| --device.btreceiver.deterministic <BOOL> | The 'btreceiver' devices are set deterministic using a fraction of 1000; default: false |
| --device.btreceiver.range <FLOAT> | The range of the bt receiver; default: 300 |
| --device.btreceiver.all-recognitions <BOOL> | Whether all recognition point shall be written; default:false |
| --device.btreceiver.offtime <FLOAT> | The offtime used for calculating detection probability (in seconds); default: 0.64 |
| --device.btsender.probability <FLOAT> | The probability for a vehicle to have a 'btsender' device;default: 0 车辆拥有一个蓝牙发送器的可能性。 |
| --device.btsender.explicit <STRING> | Assign a 'btsender' device to named vehicles |
| --device.btsender.deterministic <BOOL> | The 'btsender' devices are set deterministic using a fraction of 1000; default: false |
2.1.10电池
| Option | Description |
| --device.battery.probability <FLOAT> | The probability for a vehicle to have a 'battery' device;default: 0 车辆拥有一个电池的可能性，默认为 |
| --device.battery.explicit <STRING> | Assign a 'battery' device to named vehicles |
| --device.battery.deterministic <BOOL> | The 'battery' devices are set deterministic using a fraction of 1000; default: false |
2.1.11示例装置
| Option | Description |
| --device.example.probability <FLOAT> | The probability for a vehicle to have a 'example' device;default: 0 |
| --device.example.explicit <STRING> | Assign a 'example' device to named vehicles |
| --device.example.deterministic <BOOL> | The 'example' devices are set deterministic using a fraction of 1000; default: false |
| --device.example.parameter <FLOAT> | An exemplary parameter which can be used by all instances of the example device; default: 0 |
2.1.12Traci服务器
| Option | Description |
| --remote-port <INT> | Enables TraCI Server if set; default: 0 |
2.1.13Mesoscopic
| Option | Description |
| --mesosim <BOOL> | Enables mesoscopic simulation; default: false |
| --meso-edgelength <FLOAT> | Length of an edge segment in mesoscopic simulation;default: 98 |
| --meso-tauff <TIME> | Factor for calculating the net free-free headway time;default: 1.13 |
| --meso-taufj <TIME> | Factor for calculating the net free-jam headway time;default: 1.13 |
| --meso-taujf <TIME> | Factor for calculating the jam-free headway time;default: 2 |
| --meso-taujj <TIME> | Factor for calculating the jam-jam headway time;default: 1.4 |
| --meso-jam-threshold <FLOAT> | Minimum percentage of occupied space to consider a segment jammed. A negative argument causes thresholds to be computed based on edge speed and tauff (default); default: -1 |
| --meso-multi-queue <BOOL> | Enable multiple queues at edge ends; default: true |
| --meso-junction-control <BOOL> | Enable mesoscopic traffic light and priority junction handling; default: false |
| --meso-junction-control.limited <BOOL> | Enable mesoscopic traffic light and priority junction handling for saturated links. This prevents faulty traffic lights from hindering flow in low-traffic situations;default: false |
| --meso-tls-penalty <FLOAT> | Apply scaled time penalties when driving across tls controlled junctions based on green split instead of checking actual phases; default: 0 |
| --meso-overtaking <BOOL> | Enable mesoscopic overtaking; default: false |
| --meso-recheck <TIME> | Time interval for rechecking insertion into the next segment after failure; default: 0 |
2.1.14随机数
| Option | Description |
| --random <BOOL> | Initialises the random number generator with the current system time; default: false |
| --seed <INT> | Initialises the random number generator with the given value; default: 23423 |
2.1.15只针对GUI
| Option | Description |
| --gui-settings-file <FILE> | Load visualisation settings from FILE |
| Quits the GUI when the simulation stops; default: false | |
| Start the GUI in gaming mode; default: false | |
| Start the simulation after loading; default: false | |
| Restart the simulation after ending (demo mode);default: false | |
| Do not load background pictures; default: false | |
| --window-size <STRING> | Create initial window with the given x,y size |
3、输入文件的加载顺序
每当一个仿真对象A需要用到对象B，那么B必须在A以前定义。在不同文件文件中更早加载或者在同一文件的更靠前的位置。
有关文件加载的选项是至关重要的，--route-files 和—additional-files。有关--route-files的特点是增量的加载以节省内存，但是—additional-files是在仿真前全部加载的。很多对象需要在仿真的时候先输出来或者在加载一些东西的时候route文件需要，因此需要讲additional文件全部加载。注意，所有写入route文件的内容也能写到additional问价中。当多个文件给出的时候，从左到右依次加载。
4、additional文件的格式
additional文件中的条目可能包含了多种多样的标签，比如 trafficlight programs, detectordefinitions, variablespeed signs 和 busstops。并且，在route文件中定义的任何标签，都可以在additional文件中定义。
在additional文件中需要一个任意命名的根标签（一般是默认的additional）。例如下面的代码定义的：
<pre>
<additional>
<inductionLoopid="myLoop1" lane="foo_0" pos="42"freq="900" file="out.xml"/>
<inductionLoop id="myLoop2"lane="foo_2" pos="42" freq="900"file="out.xml"/>
<busStop id="station1"lane="foo_0" startPos="5" endPos="20"/>
<vTypeid="bus" maxSpeed="20" length="12"/>
</additional>
</pre>5、车辆的导入
车辆在他们出发的时间点插入到仿真程序中（或者使用选项—random-depart-offset进行微量的延迟）。如果目前的道路上放不开这个车辆，那么它会被加入到插入队列中，一直重复尝试插入。如果使用选项—max-depart-delay被使用，那么车辆在相应的时间段内被遗弃。
这里有两种方法插入车辆：
1、试着在每个仿真步长上插入车辆
2、针对每条道路进行插入，尝试在一辆车插入后进行插入
在不拥挤的道路上这两种方法是类似的，但是在拥挤的道路上，方法2明显更快一些。在老版本的sumo中可以通过选项—sloppy-insert来将默认的方法1转换为方法2。自从版本0.18.0开始，方法2成为默认的，并且可以通过选项—eager-insert进行转换。
6、小标题
Using additional Polygons and POIs withinthe Simulation：阅读连接
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