AlertDialog详解

本文详细介绍了如何使用Android中的AlertDialog,包括创建简单对话框、带有按钮的对话框、类似ListView的对话框、类似RadioButton和CheckBox的对话框,以及自定义视图的对话框。

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简介

AlertDialog的构造方法全部是Protected的,所以不能直接通过new一个AlertDialog来创建出一个AlertDialog

要创建一个AlertDialog,就要用到AlertDialog.Builder中的create()方法。

使用AlertDialog.Builder创建对话框需要了解以下几个方法:

setTitle :为对话框设置标题 
setIcon
:为对话框设置图标 
setMessage
:为对话框设置内容 
setView
给对话框设置自定义样式 
setItems
:设置对话框要显示的一个list,一般用于显示几个命令时 
setMultiChoiceItems
:用来设置对话框显示一系列的复选框 
setNeutralButton   
:普通按钮

setPositiveButton   :给对话框添加"Yes"按钮 
setNegativeButton
:对话框添加"No"按钮 

setCancelable();// 设置取消功能:设置为true表示取消功能可以使用,设置为false表示取消功能不可用(强制做某事
//设置为true时可以 给对话框添加取消监听器,用户取消对话框时调用此函数
builder.setOnCancelListener(new OnCancelListener() {
public void onCancel(DialogInterface dialog) {

}
});

dismiss:关闭对话框(Dialog类中的)
create
创建对话框 
show
:显示对话框 


一、简单的AlertDialog

下面,创建一个简单的ALertDialog并显示它:

package com.tianjf;  
import android.app.Activity;  
import android.app.AlertDialog;  
import android.app.Dialog;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {  
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */  
    @Override  
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
       super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.main);  
        Dialog alertDialog = newAlertDialog.Builder(this).  
               setTitle("对话框的标题").  
               setMessage("对话框的内容").  
               setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher).  
               create();  
        alertDialog.show();  
    }  
}  
package com.tianjf;
import android.app.Activity; 
import android.app.AlertDialog; 
import android.app.Dialog; 
import android.os.Bundle;
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity { 
/** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
@Override 
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
  setContentView(R.layout.main);
  Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this). 
    setTitle("对话框的标题"). 
    setMessage("对话框的内容"). 
    setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher). 
    create(); 
  alertDialog.show(); 
} 

}运行结果如下:


二、带按钮的AlertDialog

上面的例子很简单,下面我们在这个AlertDialog上面加几个Button,实现删除操作的提示对话框

package com.tianjf;  
import android.app.Activity;  
import android.app.AlertDialog;  
import android.app.Dialog;  
import android.content.DialogInterface;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {  
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */  
    @Override  
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
       super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.main);  
        Dialog alertDialog = newAlertDialog.Builder(this).  
               setTitle("确定删除?").  
               setMessage("您确定删除该条信息吗?").  
               setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher).  
               setPositiveButton("确定",new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {  
                   @Override  
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {  
                       // TODO Auto-generated method stub   
                   }  
               }).  
               setNegativeButton("取消",new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {  
                   @Override  
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {  
                       // TODO Auto-generated method stub   
                   }  
               }).  
               setNeutralButton("查看详情", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {  
                   @Override  
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {  
                       // TODO Auto-generated method stub   
                   }  
               }).  
               create();  
        alertDialog.show();  
    }  
}  
package com.tianjf;
import android.app.Activity; 
import android.app.AlertDialog; 
import android.app.Dialog; 
import android.content.DialogInterface; 
import android.os.Bundle;
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity { 
/** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
@Override 
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
  setContentView(R.layout.main);
  Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this). 
    setTitle("确定删除?"). 
    setMessage("您确定删除该条信息吗?"). 
    setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher). 
    setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { 
     @Override 
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which){ 
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
     } 
    }). 
    setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { 
     @Override 
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which){ 
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
     } 
    }). 
    setNeutralButton("查看详情", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { 
     @Override 
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which){ 
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
     } 
    }). 
    create(); 
  alertDialog.show(); 
} 

在这个例子中,我们定义了三个按钮,分别是"Yes"按钮,"No"按钮以及一个普通按钮,每个按钮都有onClick事件,TODO的地方可以放点了按钮之后想要做的一些处理

看一下运行结果:


可以看到三个按钮添加到了AlertDialog上,三个没有添加事件处理的按钮,点了只是关闭对话框,没有任何其他操作。

三、类似ListViewAlertDialog 

setItems(CharSequence[]items, final OnClickListener listener) 方法来实现类似 ListView AlertDialog

第一个参数是要显示的数据的数组,第二个参数是点击某个item的触发事件

package com.tianjf;  
import android.app.Activity;  
import android.app.AlertDialog;  
import android.app.Dialog;  
import android.content.DialogInterface;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.widget.Toast;  
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {  
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */  
    @Override  
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
       super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.main);  
        final String[] arrayFruit = newString[] { "苹果","橘子","草莓","香蕉"};  
        Dialog alertDialog = newAlertDialog.Builder(this).  
               setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果?").  
               setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)  
               .setItems(arrayFruit, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {  
                   @Override  
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {  
                       Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, arrayFruit[which],Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
                   }  
               }).  
               setNegativeButton("取消",new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {  
                   @Override  
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {  
                       // TODO Auto-generated method stub   
                   }  
               }).  
               create();  
        alertDialog.show();  
    }  
}  
package com.tianjf;
import android.app.Activity; 
import android.app.AlertDialog; 
import android.app.Dialog; 
import android.content.DialogInterface; 
import android.os.Bundle; 
import android.widget.Toast;
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity { 
/** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
@Override 
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
  setContentView(R.layout.main);
 final String[] arrayFruit = new String[] { "苹果", "橘子","草莓","香蕉"};
  Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this). 
    setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果?"). 
    setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher) 
    .setItems(arrayFruit, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener(){ 
     @Override 
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which){ 
     Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, arrayFruit[which],Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
     } 
    }). 
    setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
     @Override 
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which){ 
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
     } 
    }). 
    create(); 
  alertDialog.show(); 
} 
}

运行结果如下:


四、类似RadioButtonAlertDialog 

setSingleChoiceItems(CharSequence[]items, int checkedItem, final OnClickListener listener) 方法来实现类似 RadioButton AlertDialog

第一个参数是要显示的数据的数组,第二个参数是初始值(初始被选中的item),第三个参数是点击某个item的触发事件

在这个例子里面我们设了一个selectedFruitIndex用来记住选中的itemindex

package com.tianjf;  
import android.app.Activity;  
import android.app.AlertDialog;  
import android.app.Dialog;  
import android.content.DialogInterface;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.widget.Toast;  
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {  
    private int selectedFruitIndex = 0;  
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */  
    @Override  
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
       super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.main);  
        final String[] arrayFruit = newString[] { "苹果","橘子","草莓","香蕉"};  
        Dialog alertDialog = newAlertDialog.Builder(this).  
               setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果?").  
               setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)  
               .setSingleChoiceItems(arrayFruit, 0, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener(){  
                   @Override  
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {  
                       selectedFruitIndex = which;  
                   }  
               }).  
               setPositiveButton("确认",new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {  
                   @Override  
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {  
                       Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this,arrayFruit[selectedFruitIndex], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
                   }  
               }).  
               setNegativeButton("取消",new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {  
                   @Override  
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {  
                       // TODO Auto-generated method stub   
                   }  
               }).  
               create();  
        alertDialog.show();  
    }  
}  
package com.tianjf;
import android.app.Activity; 
import android.app.AlertDialog; 
import android.app.Dialog; 
import android.content.DialogInterface; 
import android.os.Bundle; 
import android.widget.Toast;
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity { 
private int selectedFruitIndex = 0; 
/** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
@Override 
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
  setContentView(R.layout.main);
 final String[] arrayFruit = new String[] { "苹果", "橘子","草莓","香蕉"};
  Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this). 
    setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果?"). 
    setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher) 
    .setSingleChoiceItems(arrayFruit, 0, newDialogInterface.OnClickListener() { 
     @Override 
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which){ 
      selectedFruitIndex = which; 
     } 
    }). 
    setPositiveButton("确认", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
     @Override 
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which){ 
     Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this,arrayFruit[selectedFruitIndex], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
     } 
    }). 
    setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
     @Override 
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which){ 
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
     } 
    }). 
    create(); 
  alertDialog.show(); 
} 
}

运行结果如下:


五、类似CheckBoxAlertDialog 

setMultiChoiceItems(CharSequence[]items, boolean[] checkedItems, final OnMultiChoiceClickListener listener) 方法来实现类似 CheckBox AlertDialog 
第一个参数是要显示的数据的数组,第二个参数是选中状态的数组,第三个参数是点击某个 item 的触发事件

package com.tianjf;  
import android.app.Activity;  
import android.app.AlertDialog;  
import android.app.Dialog;  
import android.content.DialogInterface;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.widget.Toast;  
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {  
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */  
    @Override  
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
       super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.main);  
        final String[] arrayFruit = newString[] { "苹果","橘子","草莓","香蕉"};  
        final boolean[] arrayFruitSelected =new boolean[] {true, true, false, false};  
        Dialog alertDialog = newAlertDialog.Builder(this).  
               setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果?").  
               setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)  
               .setMultiChoiceItems(arrayFruit, arrayFruitSelected, newDialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {  
                   @Override  
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked){  
                       arrayFruitSelected[which] = isChecked;  
                   }  
               }).  
               setPositiveButton("确认",new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {  
                   @Override  
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {  
                       StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();  
                       for (int i = 0; i < arrayFruitSelected.length; i++) {  
                           if (arrayFruitSelected[i] == true)  
                           {  
                               stringBuilder.append(arrayFruit[i] + "、");  
                           }  
                       }  
                       Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, stringBuilder.toString(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
                   }  
               }).  
               setNegativeButton("取消",new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {  
                   @Override  
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {  
                       // TODO Auto-generated method stub   
                   }  
               }).  
               create();  
        alertDialog.show();  
    }  
}  
package com.tianjf;
import android.app.Activity; 
import android.app.AlertDialog; 
import android.app.Dialog; 
import android.content.DialogInterface; 
import android.os.Bundle; 
import android.widget.Toast;
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity { 
/** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
@Override 
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
  setContentView(R.layout.main);
  final String[] arrayFruit = new String[] { "苹果", "橘子", "草莓", "香蕉" }; 
  final boolean[] arrayFruitSelected = new boolean[] {true, true, false,false};
  Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this). 
    setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果?"). 
    setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher) 
    .setMultiChoiceItems(arrayFruit, arrayFruitSelected, newDialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() { 
     @Override 
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which,boolean isChecked) { 
      arrayFruitSelected[which] = isChecked; 
     } 
    }). 
    setPositiveButton("确认", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
     @Override 
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which){ 
      StringBuilder stringBuilder = newStringBuilder(); 
      for (int i = 0; i < arrayFruitSelected.length;i++) { 
       if (arrayFruitSelected[i] == true) 
       { 
        stringBuilder.append(arrayFruit[i] +"、"); 
       } 
      } 
     Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, stringBuilder.toString(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
     } 
    }). 
    setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
     @Override 
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which){ 
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
     } 
    }). 
    create(); 
  alertDialog.show(); 
} 

}运行结果如下:


六、自定义ViewAlertDialog 

有时候我们不能满足系统自带的 AlertDialog 风格,就比如说我们要实现一个 Login 画面,有用户名和密码,这时我们就要用到自定义 View AlertDialog

先创建Login画面的布局文件

 <?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>  
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"  
    android:orientation="vertical" >  
    <LinearLayout  
       android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
       android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:gravity="center">  
        <TextView  
           android:layout_width="0dip"  
           android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
           android:layout_weight="1"  
            android:text="@string/user"/>  
        <EditText  
           android:layout_width="0dip"  
           android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
           android:layout_weight="1" />  
    </LinearLayout>  
    <LinearLayout  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
       android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:gravity="center">  
        <TextView  
           android:layout_width="0dip"  
           android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
           android:layout_weight="1"  
           android:text="@string/passward" />  
        <EditText  
           android:layout_width="0dip"  
           android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
           android:layout_weight="1" />  
    </LinearLayout>  
</LinearLayout>  
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
    android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
    android:layout_height="fill_parent" 
    android:orientation="vertical" >
    <LinearLayout 
       android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
       android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
        android:gravity="center">
        <TextView 
           android:layout_width="0dip" 
           android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
           android:layout_weight="1" 
           android:text="@string/user" />
        <EditText 
           android:layout_width="0dip" 
           android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
            android:layout_weight="1"/> 
    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout 
       android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
       android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
        android:gravity="center">
        <TextView 
           android:layout_width="0dip" 
           android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
           android:layout_weight="1" 
           android:text="@string/passward" />
        <EditText 
           android:layout_width="0dip" 
           android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
            android:layout_weight="1"/> 
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout> 

然后在Activity里面把Login画面的布局文件添加到AlertDialog

package com.tianjf;  
import android.app.Activity;  
import android.app.AlertDialog;  
import android.app.Dialog;  
import android.content.DialogInterface;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.view.LayoutInflater;  
import android.view.View;  
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {  
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */  
    @Override  
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
       super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.main);  
        // 取得自定义View   
        LayoutInflater layoutInflater =LayoutInflater.from(this);  
        View myLoginView = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.login,null);  
        Dialog alertDialog = newAlertDialog.Builder(this).  
               setTitle("用户登录").  
               setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher).  
               setView(myLoginView).  
               setPositiveButton("登录",new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {  
                   @Override  
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {  
                       // TODO Auto-generated method stub   
                   }  
               }).  
               setNegativeButton("取消",new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {  
                   @Override  
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {  
                       // TODO Auto-generated method stub   
                   }  
               }).  
               create();  
        alertDialog.show();  
    }  
}  
package com.tianjf;
import android.app.Activity; 
import android.app.AlertDialog; 
import android.app.Dialog; 
import android.content.DialogInterface; 
import android.os.Bundle; 
import android.view.LayoutInflater; 
import android.view.View;
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity { 
/** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
@Override 
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
  setContentView(R.layout.main);
  // 取得自定义View 
  LayoutInflater layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(this); 
  View myLoginView = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.login, null); 
  Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this). 
    setTitle("用户登录"). 
    setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher). 
    setView(myLoginView). 
    setPositiveButton("登录", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
     @Override 
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which){ 
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
     } 
    }). 
    setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
     @Override 
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which){ 
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
     } 
    }). 
    create(); 
  alertDialog.show(); 
} 

}运行结果如下:

 

 

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