我的BIOS基础知识

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原创 最新推荐文章于 2024-10-31 17:59:54 发布 · 1.4k 阅读 · 4 ·
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#interface #bbs #工具 #windows #system #table

做BIOS也有一年多的时间了,感觉还处于新手阶段,只会做一些客户定制化的更改,做些小功能性的东西,期望能够会有更深层次的进步!

 

刚接触BIOS的时候,他们告诉我你去看看ACPI spec,捧起电子书从第一章开始看,根本就没有什么心思好好地看下去,所以最早时候的没针对性地阅读根本就没有什么用.

 

现在我还是个菜鸟,我只能以我菜鸟的观点来了讲述做菜鸟BIOS需要啥基础知识,请高手指正~

 

1.acpi spec,刚开始看acpi的时候,最好先用工具看一下现有机器的acpi table是怎样的.个人觉得应该从第5章开始看起,虽然我到现在为止也还没完完整整地看第5章,我还是推荐你从这一章看起.每个表里面的每一个字段都是干什么用的,以后再根据具体的需求去选择性地看书.

 

acpi里面有好多操作系统功能需要的东西,象windows vista & 7的亮度slider,在附录B6里面就讲得很清楚,需要_BCL,_BCM,_BCQ支持,只有LCD device space下有这几个method,亮度slider才会出现.

 

2.南北桥的规格书,也都算是工具书了.因为做Intel的比较多,他们的文档确实写得比较好,或许是看习惯了吧.以我现在的知识看来,BIOS就是做一些寄存器填值的东西,在适当的时间填写正确的值.

 

南桥规格书的话,个人觉得还是先大体看一下functional description那一章,随便找一个平台的来看,因为基本都一样.然后再认真看看LPC Interface那章,特别是第8节中的电源管理寄存器.再后面就是根本需要查吧~~~

北桥规格书其实我也不知道怎么看,我也就随便翻翻,有人来给我讲讲吗?

 

 3.smbios spec,因为我一直在跟客户定制化的东西,所以我查这本也是比较多的,系统信息里面好多都是跟smbios信息相关的,所以读读它每个类型的结构都是什么内容也挺有用的.

 

4.IA-32 CPU规格书,这三卷当时我想好好地看下去的,当时从第一卷开始看的时候还认真的做笔记,后来没有坚持下去.

认真看一下第三卷的system managemet,就讲SMM的. 

 

5.其他技术的spec,大家都是pci,peie的spec要看要看,不过我好象也找不到我现在做的需要看pci规格书,可能是要bios vendor们才更需要?

我的电子书里还有好多spec,有的时候偶尔翻一翻.sata,smbus,hdaudio,bbs,usb等等,按需看吧..

 

下面附上两个规格书的下载地址,以便自己电脑上没有的时候也可以去下载来看.

1)acpi spec

http://www.acpi.info/spec.htm

 

2)IA-32

http://www.intel.com/products/processor/manuals/

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System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference 6 Specification 7 Supersedes: 3.1.1 8 Document Class: Normative 9 Document Status: Published 10 Document Language: en-US 11System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference Specification DSP0134 2 Published Version 3.2.0 12 Copyright Notice 13 Copyright © 2000, 2002, 2004–2016 Distributed Management Task Force, Inc. (DMTF). All rights 14 reserved. 15 DMTF is a not-for-profit association of industry members dedicated to promoting enterprise and systems 16 management and interoperability. Members and non-members may reproduce DMTF specifications and 17 documents, provided that correct attribution is given. As DMTF specifications may be revised from time to 18 time, the particular version and release date should always be noted. 19 Implementation of certain elements of this standard or proposed standard may be subject to third party 20 patent rights, including provisional patent rights (herein "patent rights"). DMTF makes no representations 21 to users of the standard as to the existence of such rights, and is not responsible to recognize, disclose, 22 or identify any or all such third party patent right, owners or claimants, nor for any incomplete or 23 inaccurate identification or disclosure of such rights, owners or claimants. DMTF shall have no liability to 24 any party, in any manner or circumstance, under any legal theory whatsoever, for failure to recognize, 25 disclose, or identify any such third party patent rights, or for such party’s reliance on the standard or 26 incorporation thereof in its product, protocols or testing procedures. 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Translation into other languages is permitted.DSP0134 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference Specification Version 3.2.0 Published 3 36 CONTENTS 37 Foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 38 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................. 10 39 Document conventions........................................................................................................................ 10 40 Typographical conventions ....................................................................................................... 10 41 Document version number conventions ................................................................................... 10 42 1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................. 13 43 1.1 Supported processor architectures........................................................................................... 13 44 2 Normative references .......................................................................................................................... 13 45 3 Terms and definitions .......................................................................................................................... 15 46 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.......................................................................................................... 15 47 5 Accessing SMBIOS information .......................................................................................................... 21 48 5.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 21 49 5.2 Table convention....................................................................................................................... 21 50 5.2.1 SMBIOS 2.1 (32-bit) Entry Point.................................................................................. 22 51 5.2.2 SMBIOS 3.0 (64-bit) Entry Point.................................................................................. 23 52 6 SMBIOS structures.............................................................................................................................. 24 53 6.1 Structure standards................................................................................................................... 24 54 6.1.1 Structure evolution and usage guidelines.................................................................... 25 55 6.1.2 Structure header format............................................................................................... 26 56 6.1.3 Text strings .................................................................................................................. 26 57 6.2 Required structures and data ................................................................................................... 27 58 6.3 SMBIOS fields and CIM MOF properties.................................................................................. 28 59 7 Structure definitions............................................................................................................................. 29 60 7.1 BIOS Information (Type 0)........................................................................................................ 29 61 7.1.1 BIOS Characteristics.................................................................................................... 31 62 7.1.2 BIOS Characteristics Extension Bytes......................................................................... 32 63 7.2 System Information (Type 1) .................................................................................................... 33 64 7.2.1 System — UUID........................................................................................................... 34 65 7.2.2 System — Wake-up Type............................................................................................ 35 66 7.3 Baseboard (or Module) Information (Type 2) ........................................................................... 35 67 7.3.1 Baseboard — feature flags .......................................................................................... 36 68 7.3.2 Baseboard — Board Type ........................................................................................... 37 69 7.4 System Enclosure or Chassis (Type 3) .................................................................................... 37 70 7.4.1 System Enclosure or Chassis Types........................................................................... 39 71 7.4.2 System Enclosure or Chassis States........................................................................... 40 72 7.4.3 System Enclosure or Chassis Security Status ............................................................ 41 73 7.4.4 System Enclosure or Chassis — Contained Elements................................................ 41 74 7.5 Processor Information (Type 4) ................................................................................................ 42 75 7.5.1 Processor Information — Processor Type................................................................... 45 76 7.5.2 Processor Information — Processor Family ................................................................ 46 77 7.5.3 Processor ID field format ............................................................................................. 52 78 7.5.4 Processor Information — Voltage................................................................................ 52 79 7.5.5 Processor Information — Processor Upgrade............................................................. 53 80 7.5.6 Processor Information — Core Count.......................................................................... 55 81 7.5.7 Processor Information — Core Enabled...................................................................... 55 82 7.5.8 Processor Information — Thread Count...................................................................... 56 83 7.5.9 Processor Characteristics............................................................................................ 56 84 7.6 Memory Controller Information (Type 5, Obsolete) .................................................................. 57 85 7.6.1 Memory Controller Error Detecting Method................................................................. 58 86 7.6.2 Memory Controller Error Correcting Capability............................................................ 58 87 7.6.3 Memory Controller Information — Interleave Support................................................. 58System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference Specification DSP0134 4 Published Version 3.2.0 88 7.6.4 Memory Controller Information — Memory Speeds .................................................... 59 89 7.7 Memory Module Information (Type 6, Obsolete) ...................................................................... 59 90 7.7.1 Memory Module Information — Memory Types .......................................................... 60 91 7.7.2 Memory Module Information — Memory Size ............................................................. 60 92 7.7.3 Memory subsystem example ....................................................................................... 61 93 7.8 Cache Information (Type 7) ...................................................................................................... 63 94 7.8.1 Cache Information — Maximum Cache Size and Installed Size ................................. 65 95 7.8.2 Cache Information — SRAM Type .............................................................................. 65 96 7.8.3 Cache Information — Error Correction Type ............................................................... 66 97 7.8.4 Cache Information — System Cache Type ................................................................. 66 98 7.8.5 Cache Information — Associativity.............................................................................. 66 99 7.9 Port Connector Information (Type 8) ........................................................................................ 67 100 7.9.1 Port Information example............................................................................................. 68 101 7.9.2 Port Information — Connector Types .......................................................................... 68 102 7.9.3 Port Types.................................................................................................................... 69 103 7.10 System Slots (Type 9)............................................................................................................... 70 104 7.10.1 System Slots — Slot Type ........................................................................................... 71 105 7.10.2 System Slots — Slot Data Bus Width.......................................................................... 73 106 7.10.3 System Slots — Current Usage................................................................................... 74 107 7.10.4 System Slots — Slot Length ........................................................................................ 74 108 7.10.5 System Slots — Slot ID ............................................................................................... 74 109 7.10.6 Slot Characteristics 1................................................................................................... 75 110 7.10.7 Slot Characteristics 2................................................................................................... 75 111 7.10.8 Segment Group Number, Bus Number, Device/Func
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