Mac python +vs code +Django 创建一个web项目（包含Django安装不成功的解决办法）

第一步安装：Django

遇到的问题：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 425, in _error_catcher
    yield
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 507, in read
    data = self._fp.read(amt) if not fp_closed else b""
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py", line 62, in read
    data = self.__fp.read(amt)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/http/client.py", line 457, in read
    n = self.readinto(b)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/http/client.py", line 501, in readinto
    n = self.fp.readinto(b)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/socket.py", line 589, in readinto
    return self._sock.recv_into(b)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/ssl.py", line 1071, in recv_into
    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/ssl.py", line 929, in read
    return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed out

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 153, in _main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 382, in run
    resolver.resolve(requirement_set)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/legacy_resolve.py", line 201, in resolve
    self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/legacy_resolve.py", line 365, in _resolve_one
    abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/legacy_resolve.py", line 313, in _get_abstract_dist_for
    req, self.session, self.finder, self.require_hashes
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 194, in prepare_linked_requirement
    progress_bar=self.progress_bar
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 465, in unpack_url
    progress_bar=progress_bar
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 316, in unpack_http_url
    progress_bar)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 551, in _download_http_url
    _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 253, in _download_url
    hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py", line 80, in check_against_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 223, in written_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/ui.py", line 160, in iter
    for x in it:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 212, in resp_read
    decode_content=False):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 564, in stream
    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 529, in read
    raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/contextlib.py", line 130, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 430, in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.

解决的办法

我在网上找的答案：
1、使用 sudo pip install Django
2、但是我想的是，我后面自己升级了mac自带的python，升级到python3.X了，所以我的命令都要加一个3，于是我在用过上面这个命令仍然没有解决我的问题之后，我使用了sudo pip3 install Django
3、后来找到没有加 ==version的话就是去下载最新版本，那我可能觉得是不是最新版本不好下载，所以后来我指定了版本，说是最稳定的版本pip install django==1.10.3 显然我还是失败了～～ 😳
4、因为我之前安装pymysql的时候 都是直接pip3的，我觉得安装应该没必要一定要用sudo吧，所以我抱着试一试的心态试了pip3 install Django

这时候进度条动了很多哦，之前都只要一点点，这回都快成功了，所以我仔细看了一下这个报错，其实很多都是提示超时，所以我觉得一定是网络，或链接下载服务器时不稳定，所以一直不成功，所以我反复的尝试pip3 install Django，是正确的，我们成功了，它就是网络的问题，然后我就迎来了：Successfully installed Django-2.2.7 pytz-2019.3 sqlparse-0.3.0

至此我们的Django就安装完成了✅
那么想要验证Django的安装是否成功或想看安装在那里了，使用which django-admin

第二步配置Django在mac的环境变量

1. 我参考的配置环境配置的文章是：配置Mac的环境变量
2. 我自己在环境中的配置是：export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin/django-admin
   3、生效一下～ 然后就能正常运行了，本来网上都没说有配置环境变量这一说的，我是因为有报错，才知道要配置环境变量的
   

第三步：创建一个项目

• 我参考的文章是：创建一个web项目

• 根据它的步骤：

• mkdir 某项目

• 创建一个项目：django-admin startproject guest

• 进入目录：cd guest

• 创建项目：python manage.py startapp sign

• 运行服务：python manage.py runserver
  （遇到的坑，要让这个目录下有manage这个目录，不然运行这个上面的命令就会报错，报错的解决办法就是再创建一个项目：django-admin startapp app_name，我参考的文章：解决办法，我现在还不知道原因是啥，有时间在查一下
  
  ）
  

• 浏览器打开地址：http://127.0.0.1:8000/
  说明Django已经在运行了。

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