Android程序中如何启动浏览器

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-22 17:19:24 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_43746676/article/details/87819685

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本文介绍了在Android程序中启动浏览器加载本地HTML文件的两种方式：通过`file`协议和`content`协议，例如`file:///sdcard/robin.hu/help.html`以及`content://com.android.htmlfileprovider/sdcard/robin.hu/help.html`。

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本文参照自： http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/liws2010/article/details/7452957

一、 启动android默认浏览器

在Android程序中我们可以通过发送隐式Intent来启动系统默认的浏览器。如果手机本身安装了多个浏览器而又没有设置默认浏览器的话，系统将让用户选择使用哪个浏览器来打开连接。关于Intent的更多内容请参考《常用Intent 》

示例1

Intent intent = new Intent ();

intent . setAction ( "android.intent.action.VIEW" );

Uri content_url = Uri . parse ( "http://www.163.com" );

intent . setData ( content_url );

startActivity ( intent );

这样子，android就可以调用起手机默认的浏览器访问。

二、启动指定浏览器

在Android程序中我们可以通过发送显式Intent来启动指定的浏览器。

启动Android原生浏览器

示例2

Intent intent = new Intent ();

intent . setAction ( "android.intent.action.VIEW" );

Uri content_url = Uri . parse ( "http://www.163.com" );

intent . setData ( content_url );

intent . setClassName ( "com.android.browser" , "com.android.browser.BrowserActivity" );

startActivity ( intent );

只要修改以 intent.setClassName(" com.android.browser "," com.android.browser.BrowserActivity ");

中相应的应用程序 packagename 和要启动的 activity 即可启动其他浏览器来

uc浏览器" ： " com.uc.browser ", " com.uc.browser.ActivityUpdate “

opera浏览器：" com.opera.mini.android ", " com.opera.mini.android.Browser "

qq浏览器：" com.tencent.mtt ", " com.tencent.mtt.MainActivity "

三、使用浏览器打开本地html文件

打开本地的html文件的时候，一定要指定某个浏览器，而不能采用方式一来浏览。

示例3

Intent intent = new Intent ();

intent . setAction ( "android.intent.action.VIEW" );

Uri content_url = Uri . parse ( "file:///sdcard/robin.hu/help.html" );

intent . setData ( content_url );

intent . setClassName ( "com.android.browser" , "com.android.browser.BrowserActivity" );

startActivity ( intent );

虽然网上很多文章说即使使用浏览器打开本地的html文件的时，文件路径不支持"files:"，不应该使用

Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/robin.hu/help.html");

这种形式而是应该使用

Uri content_url = Uri.parse("content://com.android.htmlfileprovider/sdcard/robin.hu/help.html");

但是经过在HTC G10(Android2.3.5),Lenovo P770(Android4.0以上)测试，实际上只有

Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/robin.hu/help.html");

这种形式能很好的工作。

Uri content_url = Uri.parse("content://com.android.htmlfileprovider/sdcard/robin.hu/help.html");

这种形式反而不能很好的工作

四、对使用浏览器打开网页的封装

以下是对使用浏览器打开网页的一些封装

static void startBrower ( Context context , String uri )

{

startBrower ( context , Uri . parse ( uri ));

}

static void startBrower ( Context context , Uri uri )

{

Intent intent = new Intent ();

intent . setAction ( "android.intent.action.VIEW" );

/*其实可以不用添加该Category*/

intent . addCategory ( "android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" );

intent . setData ( uri );

intent . addFlags ( Intent . FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK );

/*如果想用浏览器打开本地html文件的话，则只能通过显式intent启动浏览器*/

boolean explicitMode = false ;

String scheme = uri . getScheme ();

if ( scheme != null && scheme . startsWith ( "file" )) {

explicitMode = true ;

}

if ( explicitMode ) {

intent . setClassName ( "com.android.browser" , "com.android.browser.BrowserActivity" );

} else {

intent . addCategory ( "android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" );

}

context . startActivity ( intent );

}

static void startBrower ( Context context , String uri , String packageName , String className )

{

startBrower ( context , Uri . parse ( uri ), packageName , className );

}

static void startBrower ( Context context , Uri uri , String packageName , String className )

{

Intent intent = new Intent ();

intent . setAction ( "android.intent.action.VIEW" );

intent . setData ( uri );

intent . addFlags ( Intent . FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK );

intent . setClassName ( packageName , className );

context . startActivity ( intent );

}

五、Android原生浏览器的AndroidManifest.xml

以下是 Android 4.0原生浏览器的 AndroidManifest.xml 文件

<original-package android:name = "com.android.browser" />

<permission android:name = "com.android.browser.permission.PRELOAD"

android:label = "@string/permission_preload_label"

android:protectionLevel = "signatureOrSystem" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.ACCESS_DOWNLOAD_MANAGER" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.USE_CREDENTIALS" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.INTERNET" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.NFC" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.SEND_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETED_INTENTS" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS" />

<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.MANAGE_ACCOUNTS" />

<uses-permission android:name = "com.android.browser.permission.READ_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS" />

<uses-permission android:name = "com.android.browser.permission.WRITE_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS" />

<uses-permission android:name = "com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT" />

<application android:name = "Browser"

android:label = "@string/application_name"

android:icon = "@mipmap/ic_launcher_browser"

android:backupAgent = ".BrowserBackupAgent"

android:hardwareAccelerated = "true"

android:taskAffinity = "android.task.browser" >

<provider android:name = ".provider.BrowserProvider2"

android:authorities = "com.android.browser;browser"

android:multiprocess = "true"

android:readPermission = "com.android.browser.permission.READ_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS"

android:writePermission = "com.android.browser.permission.WRITE_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS" >

<path-permission android:path = "/bookmarks/search_suggest_query"

android:readPermission = "android.permission.GLOBAL_SEARCH" />

</provider>

<activity android:name = "BrowserActivity"

android:label = "@string/application_name"

android:launchMode = "singleTask"

android:alwaysRetainTaskState = "true"

android:configChanges = "orientation|keyboardHidden|keyboard|screenSize"

android:theme = "@style/BrowserTheme"

android:windowSoftInputMode = "adjustResize" >

<intent-filter>

</intent-filter>

<!-- For these schemes were not particular MIME type has been

supplied, we are a good candidate. -->

<intent-filter>

</intent-filter>

<!-- For these schemes where any of these particular MIME types

have been supplied, we are a good candidate. -->

<intent-filter>

</intent-filter>

<intent-filter>

</intent-filter>

<intent-filter android:priority = "-101" >

</intent-filter>

<intent-filter>

</intent-filter>

<!-- The maps app is a much better experience, so it's not

worth having this at all... especially for a demo!

<intent-filter android:label="Map In Browser">

</intent-filter>

-->

<intent-filter>

</intent-filter>

<intent-filter>

</intent-filter>

<intent-filter>

</intent-filter>

android:resource = "@xml/searchable" />

</activity>

<activity android:name = "ShortcutActivity"

android:theme = "@style/ShortcutTheme"

android:label = "@string/shortcut_bookmark"

android:icon = "@mipmap/ic_launcher_shortcut_browser_bookmark" >

<intent-filter>

</intent-filter>

</activity>

<intent-filter>

</intent-filter>

</activity>

<activity android:name = "BookmarkSearch"

android:label = "@string/bookmarks_search"

android:stateNotNeeded = "true"

android:theme = "@android:style/Theme.NoDisplay"

android:excludeFromRecents = "true" >

<intent-filter>

</intent-filter>

android:resource = "@xml/bookmarks_searchable" />

</activity>

<activity android:name = "AddBookmarkPage" android:label = "Save bookmark"

android:theme = "@style/DialogWhenLarge"

android:configChanges = "orientation|keyboardHidden|screenSize" >

<intent-filter>

</intent-filter>

</activity>

</activity>

<receiver

android:name = ".widget.BookmarkThumbnailWidgetProvider"

android:label = "@string/bookmarks" >

<intent-filter>

<action

android:name = "android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_UPDATE" />

<action

android:name = "com.android.browser.BOOKMARK_APPWIDGET_UPDATE" />

</intent-filter>

<meta-data

android:name = "android.appwidget.provider"

android:resource = "@xml/bookmarkthumbnailwidget_info" />

</receiver>

<service

android:name = ".widget.BookmarkThumbnailWidgetService"

android:permission = "android.permission.BIND_REMOTEVIEWS"

android:exported = "false" />

<receiver

android:name = ".widget.BookmarkWidgetProxy"

android:exported = "false" />

<activity android:name = ".widget.BookmarkWidgetConfigure"

android:theme = "@android:style/Theme.Holo.DialogWhenLarge" >

<intent-filter>

</intent-filter>

</activity>

<!-- Application code for RLZ tracking. RLZ assigns non-unique, non-personally identifiable

tracking labels to client products; these labels sometimes appear in Google search

queries. See http://code.google.com/p/rlz for more info.

This value signifies to the RLZ client that this application uses RLZ tracking. -->

android:value = "@string/rlz_access_point"