struct file_operations

struct file_operations {
        struct module *owner;
        loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
        ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
        ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
        ssize_t (*read_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
        ssize_t (*write_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
        int (*iopoll)(struct kiocb *kiocb, struct io_comp_batch *,
                        unsigned int flags);
        int (*iterate) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
        int (*iterate_shared) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
        __poll_t (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
        long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
        long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
        int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
        unsigned long mmap_supported_flags;
        int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
        int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
        int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
        int (*fsync) (struct file *, loff_t, loff_t, int datasync);
        int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
        int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
        ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);
        unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
        int (*check_flags)(int);
        int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
        ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);
        ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);
        int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **, void **);
        long (*fallocate)(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset,
                          loff_t len);
        void (*show_fdinfo)(struct seq_file *m, struct file *f);
#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
        unsigned (*mmap_capabilities)(struct file *);
#endif
        ssize_t (*copy_file_range)(struct file *, loff_t, struct file *,
                        loff_t, size_t, unsigned int);
        loff_t (*remap_file_range)(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
                                   struct file *file_out, loff_t pos_out,
                                   loff_t len, unsigned int remap_flags);
        int (*fadvise)(struct file *, loff_t, loff_t, int);
        int (*uring_cmd)(struct io_uring_cmd *ioucmd, unsigned int issue_flags);
} __randomize_layout;

ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);

第一个参数struct file *

struct file {
        union {
                struct llist_node       f_llist;
                struct rcu_head         f_rcuhead;
                unsigned int            f_iocb_flags;
        };
        struct path             f_path;
        struct inode            *f_inode;       /* cached value */
        const struct file_operations    *f_op;

        /*
         * Protects f_ep, f_flags.
         * Must not be taken from IRQ context.
         */
        spinlock_t              f_lock;
        atomic_long_t           f_count;
        unsigned int            f_flags;
        fmode_t                 f_mode;
        struct mutex            f_pos_lock;
        loff_t                  f_pos;
        struct fown_struct      f_owner;
        const struct cred       *f_cred;
        struct file_ra_state    f_ra;

        u64                     f_version;
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
        void                    *f_security;
#endif
        /* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */
        void                    *private_data;

#ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL
        /* Used by fs/eventpoll.c to link all the hooks to this file */
        struct hlist_head       *f_ep;
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL */
        struct address_space    *f_mapping;
        errseq_t                f_wb_err;
        errseq_t                f_sb_err; /* for syncfs */
} __randomize_layout
  __attribute__((aligned(4)));  /* lest something weird decides that 2 is OK */

第二个参数char __user *

用户空间传进来的buffer，用于装载数据
copy_fome_user()
copy_to_user()
这两个函数用来将数据拷贝到用户传进来的buffer，或者从buffer拷贝数据到内核空间

第三个参数size_t

用户传入的buffer size

第四个参数loff_t *

设置读指针起始位置

ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);

参数与read函数相同