一、创建向量和矩阵
函数:c(),length(),mode(),rbind(),cbind()
x1 <- c(2,4,6,8,0)
x2 <- c(1,3,5,7,9)
length(x1)
[1] 5
mode(x1) #查看类型
[1] “numeric”
a1 <- c(1:100)
length(a1)
[1] 100
向量合成矩阵
rbind(x1,x2)#行排列
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
x1 2 4 6 8 0
x2 1 3 5 7 9
cbind(x1,x2)#列排列
x1 x2
[1,] 2 1
[2,] 4 3
[3,] 6 5
[4,] 8 7
[5,] 0 9
二、求平均值,和,连乘,最值,方差,标准差
函数:mean(),sum(),prod(),min(),max(),var(),sd()
x <- c(1:100)
mean(x)
[1] 50.5
sum(x)
[1] 5050
prod(x) #连乘
[1] 9.332622e+157
max(x)
[1] 100
min(x)
[1] 1
var(x)
[1] 841.6667
sd(x)
[1] 29.01149
三、产生向量
1:10
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1:10 - 1
[1] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1:10 * 2
[1] 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
2:60 * 2 +1
[1] 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45
[22] 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87
[43] 89 91 93 95 97 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 121
a <- 2:60 * 2 +1
a
[1] 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45
[22] 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87
[43] 89 91 93 95 97 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 121
a[5]
[1] 13
a[-5] #不显示第五个元素
[1] 5 7 9 11 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47
[22] 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89
[43] 91 93 95 97 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 121
a[1:5]
[1] 5 7 9 11 13
a[-(1:5)]
[1] 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55
[22] 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97
[43] 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 121
a[c(2,4,7)]
[1] 7 11 17
a[a < 20]
[1] 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
a[a > 30 & a < 50]
[1] 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49
a[a[3]]
[1] 21
seq()函数 序列函数
seq(5,20)
[1] 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
seq(5,121,by=2) #by表示公差
[1] 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45
[22] 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87
[43] 89 91 93 95 97 99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 121
seq(5,121,length = 10)
[1] 5.00000 17.88889 30.77778 43.66667 56.55556 69.44444 82.33333 95.22222
[9] 108.11111 121.00000
产生字母序列letters
letters[1:30]
[1] “a” “b” “c” “d” “e” “f” “g” “h” “i” “j” “k” “l” “m” “n” “o” “p” “q” “r” “s” “t” “u”
[22] “v” “w” “x” “y” “z” NA NA NA NA