寒假【perl语言学习脚本】6.1 6.2 6.3

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
my %gf_name = (
dongzhu => ‘yang’,#=>胖箭头
lin => ‘zhou’,
fangfang => ‘zhang’,
);
print “please input the name:\n”;
chomp(my $person= );
if (exists KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: gf_name{person}){
print “hey,$person exists there\n”;
}
#用exists函数检查哈希的键是否存在
print “her name is KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: gf_name{person} KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '\n' at position 9: person .\̲n̲"; #哈希就是一个键值对的形…word);#声明变量
chomp(@words=);
foreach $word(@words){
KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: count{word}+=1;#KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: count{word}=KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: count{word}+1
}
foreach $word (sort keys %count){ #my $count=keysprint"$word was seen KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: count{word} times.\n”;
}
#foreach循环会逐项处理各个单词，它会将KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: count{word}的值加上1，然后再存回KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: count{word}
#在第一份foreach循环里，每次出现的单词都会让KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: count{word}的值加1
#假设第一个单词是fred，那么$count"fred"的值就会加1，既然是第一次用到$count{“fred”}，它的值自然是undef
#不过，因为我们将它当成数字来用(利用数字操作符+=或是较长写法的+)
#所以perl会自动把undef转换为0，相加的总和为1，所以会将1存回$count{“fred”}

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
my $longest =0;
foreach my $key(keys %ENV){ #帮助确定第一列的宽度
my $ke{y}_{l}ength=length($key);
$longest=$key_length if $ke{y}_{l}ength>$longest;
}#帮助确定第一列的宽度

foreach my $key(sortkeysprintf"${longest}s %s\n",$key,$ENV{$key};#宽度字符是负的，是让字符串左对齐，一一对应
}