webview C/C++翻译笔记

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本文围绕C/C++开发者的Webview展开，介绍了其使用方法，包括下载webview.h并包含在代码中、构建方法，还说明了API，如简单用例的函数、支持的URL方案等。此外，提及高级C++应用Slide以webview为GUI，以及构建、打包和设置自动CI/CD的相关内容。

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Github原文：https://github.com/zserge/webview#webview-for-cc-developers

Webview for C/C++ developers

Getting started

Download webview.h and include it in your C/C++ code: //下载webview。h，并将其包含在C/ c++代码中

// main.c
#define WEBVIEW_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "webview.h"

#ifdef WIN32
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInt, HINSTANCE hPrevInst, LPSTR lpCmdLine,
                   int nCmdShow) {
#else
int main() {
#endif
  /* Open wikipedia in a 800x600 resizable window */
  webview("Minimal webview example",
	  "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page", 800, 600, 1);
  return 0;
}

Build it:

# Linux
$ cc main.c -DWEBVIEW_GTK=1 `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-3.0 webkit2gtk-4.0` -o webview-example
# MacOS
$ cc main.c -DWEBVIEW_COCOA=1 -framework WebKit -o webview-example
# Windows (mingw)
$ cc main.c -DWEBVIEW_WINAPI=1 -lole32 -lcomctl32 -loleaut32 -luuid -mwindows -o webview-example.exe

API

For the most simple use cases there is only one function: //对于最简单的用例，只有一个函数:

int webview(const char *title, const char *url, int width, int height, int resizable);

The following URL schemes are supported: //支持以下网址方案:

http:// and https://, no surprises here. //http://和https://，这并不奇怪。
file:/// can be useful if you want to unpack HTML/CSS assets to some temporary directory and point a webview to open index.html from there.//如果您想将HTML/CSS资产解压到某个临时目录，并指向一个webview从那里打开index.html，那么文件:///将非常有用。
data:text/html,<html>...</html> allows to pass short HTML data inline without using a web server or polluting the file system. Further modifications of the webview contents can be done via JavaScript bindings.
//数据:text / html, < html >…</html>允许在不使用web服务器或污染文件系统的情况下内联传递简短的html数据。可以通过JavaScript绑定进一步修改webview内容。

If have chosen a regular http URL scheme, you can use Mongoose or any other web server/framework you like.//如果选择了常规的http URL方案，您可以使用Mongoose或任何其他您喜欢的web服务器/框架。

If you want to have more control over the app lifecycle you can use the following functions:

//如果你想对应用的生命周期有更多的控制，你可以使用以下功能:

  struct webview webview = {
      .title = title,
      .url = url,
      .width = w,
      .height = h,
      .debug = debug,
      .resizable = resizable,
  };
  /* Create webview window using the provided options 使用提供的选项*/创建webview窗口*/
  webview_init(&webview);
  /* Main app loop, can be either blocking or non-blocking /*主应用程序循环，可以是阻塞或非阻塞*/*/
  while (webview_loop(&webview, blocking) == 0);
  /* Destroy webview window, often exits the app/*破坏webview窗口，经常退出app */ */
  webview_exit(&webview);

  /* To change window title later: /*稍后更改窗口标题:*/*/
  webview_set_title(&webview, "New title");

  /* To terminate the webview main loop:终止webview主循环 */
  webview_terminate(&webview);

  /* To print logs to stderr, MacOS Console or DebugView: 打印日志到stderr, MacOS控制台或DebugView:*/
  webview_debug("exited: %d\n", 1);

To evaluate arbitrary JavaScript code use the following C function://要计算任意JavaScript代码，请使用以下C函数:

webview_eval(&webview, "alert('hello, world');");

There is also a special callback (webview.external_invoke_cb) that can be invoked from JavaScript:

//还有一个特殊的回调函数(webview.external_invoke_cb)可以从JavaScript调用:

// C
void my_cb(struct webview *w, const char *arg) {
	...
}

// JS
window.external.invoke('some arg');
// Exactly one string argument must be provided, to pass more complex objects 为了传递更复杂的对象，必须提供一个字符串参数
// serialize them to JSON and parse it in C. To pass binary data consider using 将它们序列化为JSON并用c语言解析，以传递考虑使用的二进制数据
// base64.mfc类库
window.external.invoke(JSON.stringify({fn: 'sum', x: 5, y: 3}));

Webview library is meant to be used from a single UI thread only. So if you want to call webview_eval or webview_terminatefrom some background thread

//Webview库只能在一个UI线程中使用。如果你想从后台线程调用webview_eval或webview_terminate。

you have to use webview_dispatch to post some arbitrary function with some context to be executed inside the main UI thread:
你必须使用webview_dispatch来发布一些任意的函数，以及一些要在主UI线程中执行的上下文:

// This function will be executed on the UI thread 这个函数将在UI线程上执行
void render(struct webview *w, void *arg) {
  webview_eval(w, ......);
}

// Dispatch render() function from another thread: 函数的作用是:
webview_dispatch(w, render, some_arg);

You may find some C/C++ examples in this repo that demonstrate the API above.//您可以在这个repo中找到一些C/ c++示例，它们演示了上面的API。

Also, there is a more more advanced complete C++ app, Slide, that uses webview as a GUI. You may have a look how webview apps can be built, packaged and how automatic CI/CD can be set up.