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According to Wikipedia:Insertion sort iterates, consuming one input element each repetition, and growing a sorted output list. Each iteration, insertion sort removes one element from the input data,...

Sherlock Holmes received a note with some strange strings: Let's date! 3485djDkxh4hhGE 2984akDfkkkkggEdsb s&hgsfdk d&Hyscvnm. It took him only a minute to figure out that those strange strings...

About 900 years ago, a Chinese philosopher Sima Guang wrote a history book in which he talked about people's talent and virtue. According to his theory, a man being outstanding in both talent and virt...

Given two sets of integers, the similarity of the sets is defined to be Nc/Nt×100%, where Ncis the number of distinct common numbers shared by the two sets, and Ntis the total number o...

A Binary Search Tree (BST) is recursively defined as a binary tree which has the following properties:The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys less than the node's key. The right su...

Given a syntax tree (binary), you are supposed to output the corresponding infix expression, with parentheses reflecting the precedences of the operators.Input Specification:Each input file contai...

A Binary Search Tree (BST) is recursively defined as a binary tree which has the following properties:The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys less than the node's key. The right su...

In graph theory, an Eulerian path is a path in a graph which visits every edge exactly once. Similarly, an Eulerian circuit is an Eulerian path which starts and ends on the same vertex. They were firs...

The "Hamilton cycle problem" is to find a simple cycle that contains every vertex in a graph. Such a cycle is called a "Hamiltonian cycle".In this problem, you are supposed to tell if a given cycle ...

参考柳神Given three integers A, B and C in [−263,263], you are supposed to tell whether A+B>C.Input Specification:The first line of the input gives the positive number of test cases, T (≤...

If a machine can save only 3 significant digits, the float numbers 12300 and 12358.9 are considered equal since they are both saved as 0.123×105with simple chopping. Now given the number of signif...

A vertex cover of a graph is a set of vertices such that each edge of the graph is incident to at least one vertex of the set. Now given a graph with several vertex sets, you are supposed to tell if e...

Given any positive integer N, you are supposed to find all of its prime factors, and write them in the format N = p1k1×p2k2×…×pmkm.Input Specification:Each input file conta...

A supply chain is a network of retailers（零售商）, distributors（经销商）, and suppliers（供应商）-- everyone involved in moving a product from supplier to customer.Starting from one root supplier, everyone on th...

One important factor to identify acute stroke (急性脑卒中) is the volume of the stroke core. Given the results of image analysis in which the core regions are identified in each MRI slice, your job is to c...

Eva would like to make a string of beads with her favorite colors so she went to a small shop to buy some beads. There were many colorful strings of beads. However the owner of the shop would only sel...

The string APPAPT contains two PAT's as substrings. The first one is formed by the 2nd, the 4th, and the 6th characters, and the second one is formed by the 3rd, the 4th, and the 6th characters.Now ...

A family hierarchy is usually presented by a pedigree tree where all the nodes on the same level belong to the same generation. Your task is to find the generation with the largest population.Input ...

Given a non-empty tree with root R, and with weight Wiassigned to each tree node Ti. The weight of a path from R to L is defined to be the sum of the weights of all the nodes along the path fr...

Behind the scenes in the computer's memory, color is always talked about as a series of 24 bits of information for each pixel. In an image, the color with the largest proportional area is called the d...

Forbes magazine publishes every year its list of billionaires based on the annual ranking of the world's wealthiest people. Now you are supposed to simulate this job, but concentrate only on the peopl...

If you are a fan of Harry Potter, you would know the world of magic has its own currency system -- as Hagrid explained it to Harry, "Seventeen silver Sickles to a Galleon and twenty-nine Knuts to a Si...

Given any permutation of the numbers {0, 1, 2,..., N−1}, it is easy to sort them in increasing order. But what if Swap(0, *) is the ONLY operation that is allowed to use? For example, to sort {4, 0, 2...

For any 4-digit integer except the ones with all the digits being the same, if we sort the digits in non-increasing order first, and then in non-decreasing order, a new number can be obtained by takin...

The Japanese language is notorious for its sentence ending particles. Personal preference of such particles can be considered as a reflection of the speaker's personality. Such a preference is called ...

A supply chain is a network of retailers（零售商）, distributors（经销商）, and suppliers（供应商）-- everyone involved in moving a product from supplier to customer.Starting from one root supplier, everyone on th...

It is said that in 2011, there are about 100 graduate schools ready to proceed over 40,000 applications in Zhejiang Province. It would help a lot if you could write a program to automate the admission...

Given N rational numbers in the form numerator/denominator, you are supposed to calculate their sum.Input Specification:Each input file contains one test case. Each case starts with a positive int...

Given a list of N student records with name, ID and grade. You are supposed to sort the records with respect to the grade in non-increasing order, and output those student records of which the grades ...

On a broken keyboard, some of the keys are worn out. So when you type some sentences, the characters corresponding to those keys will not appear on screen.Now given a string that you are supposed to...

Given a sequence of positive integers and another positive integer p. The sequence is said to be a perfect sequence if M≤m×p where M and m are the maximum and minimum numbers in the sequence, respecti...

An inorder binary tree traversal can be implemented in a non-recursive way with a stack. For example, suppose that when a 6-node binary tree (with the keys numbered from 1 to 6) is traversed, the stac...

In computer science, a heap is a specialized tree-based data structure that satisfies the heap property: if P is a parent node of C, then the key (the value) of P is either greater than or equal to (i...

This is a problem given in the Graduate Entrance Exam in 2018: Which of the following is NOT a topological order obtained from the given directed graph? Now you are supposed to write a program to test...

The task of this problem is simple: insert a sequence of distinct positive integers into a hash table first. Then try to find another sequence of integer keys from the table and output the average sea...

The lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two nodes U and V in a tree is the deepest node that has both U and V as descendants.Given any two nodes in a binary tree, you are supposed to find their LCA.In...

Mooncake is a Chinese bakery product traditionally eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival. Many types of fillings and crusts can be found in traditional mooncakes according to the region's culture. Now ...

People often have a preference among synonyms of the same word. For example, some may prefer "the police", while others may prefer "the cops". Analyzing such patterns can help to narrow down a speaker...

This time, you are supposed to help us collect the data for family-owned property. Given each person's family members, and the estate（房产）info under his/her own name, we need to know the size of each f...

A gas station has to be built at such a location that the minimum distance between the station and any of the residential housing is as far away as possible. However it must guarantee that all the hou...