Linux Nmap命令典型用法全揭秘：网络扫描与安全利器！网络安全零基础入门到精通教程建议收藏！

nmap典型用法

[root@node01 ~]# nmap 192.168.1.220

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-21 13:08 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.220
Host is up (0.00012s latency).
Not shown: 999 closed ports
PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:C5:19:99 (VMware)

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.10 seconds

由输出可知，192.168.1.220主机处于UP状态，并且主机开放了22端口，同时还侦测到端口对应的服务，最后还给出了目标主机网卡的MAC地址。

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了解目标主机的更多信息。

[root@node01 ~]# nmap -T4 -A -v 192.168.1.220

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-21 13:12 CST
NSE: Loaded 110 scripts for scanning.
NSE: Script Pre-scanning.
Initiating ARP Ping Scan at 13:12
Scanning 192.168.1.220 [1 port]
Completed ARP Ping Scan at 13:12, 0.00s elapsed (1 total hosts)
Initiating Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 13:12
Completed Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 13:12, 0.01s elapsed
Initiating SYN Stealth Scan at 13:12
Scanning 192.168.1.220 [1000 ports]
Discovered open port 22/tcp on 192.168.1.220
Completed SYN Stealth Scan at 13:12, 0.05s elapsed (1000 total ports)
Initiating Service scan at 13:12
Scanning 1 service on 192.168.1.220
Completed Service scan at 13:12, 0.04s elapsed (1 service on 1 host)
Initiating OS detection (try #1) against 192.168.1.220
Retrying OS detection (try #2) against 192.168.1.220
Retrying OS detection (try #3) against 192.168.1.220
Retrying OS detection (try #4) against 192.168.1.220
Retrying OS detection (try #5) against 192.168.1.220
NSE: Script scanning 192.168.1.220.
Initiating NSE at 13:13
Completed NSE at 13:13, 0.08s elapsed
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.220
Host is up (0.00089s latency).
Not shown: 999 closed ports
PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open  ssh     OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 2048 e5:a6:1b:ba:13:4e:84:7e:21:2e:4f:23:f6:0e:a8:80 (RSA)
|_256 6c:e7:fe:f6:b4:a6:b1:e4:04:47:fc:6b:e6:51:55:8b (ECDSA)
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:C5:19:99 (VMware)
No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://nmap.org/submit/ ).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
OS:SCAN(V=6.40%E=4%D=3/21%OT=22%CT=1%CU=33000%PV=Y%DS=1%DC=D%G=Y%M=000C29%T
OS:M=5E75A260%P=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=106%GCD=1%ISR=10E%TI=Z%TS=A)
OS:OPS(O1=M5B4ST11NW7%O2=M5B4ST11NW7%O3=M5B4NNT11NW7%O4=M5B4ST11NW7%O5=M5B4
OS:ST11NW7%O6=M5B4ST11)WIN(W1=7120%W2=7120%W3=7120%W4=7120%W5=7120%W6=7120)
OS:ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=7210%O=M5B4NNSNW7%CC=Y%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S=O%A=S+%
OS:F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=N)T4(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T
OS:5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=
OS:Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)U1(R=Y%DF
OS:=N%T=40%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID=G%RIPCK=G%RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=40
OS:%CD=S)

Uptime guess: 0.004 days (since Sat Mar 21 13:07:06 2020)
Network Distance: 1 hop
TCP Sequence Prediction: Difficulty=262 (Good luck!)
IP ID Sequence Generation: All zeros

TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT     ADDRESS
1   0.89 ms 192.168.1.220

NSE: Script Post-scanning.
Initiating NSE at 13:13
Completed NSE at 13:13, 0.00s elapsed
Read data files from: /usr/bin/../share/nmap
OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 12.57 seconds
				Raw packets sent: 1111 (52.918KB) | Rcvd: 1072 (46.334KB)

-A：用于开启全面扫描，

-T4：指定扫描过程中使用的时序的模板，总共有6个等级（0~5），等级越高扫描速度越快，但也越容易被防火墙或者入侵检测设备发现并屏蔽，推荐使用-T4。

-v：显示扫描细节。

第一部分是对主机是否在线的扫描

Host is up (0.00068s latency).

第二部分是对端口进行扫描，在默认情况下nmap会扫描1000个最有可能会开放的端口，因为只扫描到22号端口是开放的，所以在输出中会显示

Not shown: 999 closed ports

第三部分是对端口上运行的服务以及版本号进行统计

PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open  ssh     OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 2048 e5:a6:1b:ba:13:4e:84:7e:21:2e:4f:23:f6:0e:a8:80 (RSA)
|_256 6c:e7:fe:f6:b4:a6:b1:e4:04:47:fc:6b:e6:51:55:8b (ECDSA)

第四部分是对操作系统类型和版本进行探测。

No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://nmap.org/submit/ ).

第五部分是对目标主机路由跟踪信息。

TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT     ADDRESS
1   0.75 ms 192.168.1.220

nmap主机发现方法

选项
-sn	只进行主机发现扫描，不进行端口扫描
-Pn	路过主机发现扫描，将所有指定的主机都视为在线状态，进行端口扫描
-sL	仅仅列出指定主机的IP地址，不进行主机发现扫描
-PS/PA/PU/PY[printlist]	指定nmap使用TCP SYN、TCP ACK、UDP、SCTP方式进行主机发现，例如：nmap -PS80,21
-PE/PP/PM	指定nmap使用ICMP echo、timestamp、netmask请求报文发现主机。
-PO	使用ip协议包探测目标主机是否在线，
-n/-R	指定是否使用DNS解析，其中-n表示不进行dns解析，-R表示总是进行DNS解析

比较常用的是-sn和-Pn，

[root@node01 ~]# nmap -sn -PE -PS22,80 -PU53 www.baidu.com

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-21 13:47 CST
Nmap scan report for www.baidu.com (39.156.66.14)
Host is up (0.019s latency).
Other addresses for www.baidu.com (not scanned): 39.156.66.18
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 6.59 seconds

nmap端口扫描

侦测到的端口状态分为6种状态。

端口扫描的用法

[root@node01 ~]# nmap -sS -sU -F www.baidu.com

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-21 14:09 CST
Nmap scan report for www.baidu.com (39.156.66.18)
Host is up (0.013s latency).
Other addresses for www.baidu.com (not scanned): 39.156.66.14
Not shown: 100 open|filtered ports, 98 filtered ports
PORT    STATE SERVICE
80/tcp  open  http
443/tcp open  https

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 10.13 seconds

\-sS：使用TCP SYN扫描TCP端口  
\-sU：扫描UDP端口  
\-F：表示使用快速扫描方式，扫描最有可能开放的前100个端口，（TCP、UDP各一百个端口）

nmap版本侦测

[root@node01 ~]# nmap -sV www.baidu.com

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-21 14:15 CST
Nmap scan report for www.baidu.com (39.156.66.18)
Host is up (0.016s latency).
Other addresses for www.baidu.com (not scanned): 39.156.66.14
Not shown: 998 filtered ports
PORT    STATE SERVICE        VERSION
80/tcp  open  http-proxy     sslstrip
443/tcp open  ssl/http-proxy sslstrip

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 27.15 seconds

nmap操作系统侦测

[root@node01 ~]# nmap -O --osscan-guess 192.168.1.220

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-21 14:18 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.220
Host is up (0.00078s latency).
Not shown: 999 closed ports
PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:C5:19:99 (VMware)
Aggressive OS guesses: Linux 2.6.32 - 3.9 (96%), Netgear DG834G WAP or Western Digital WD TV media player (96%), Linux 2.6.32 (95%), Linux 3.1 (95%), Linux 3.2 (95%), AXIS 210A or 211 Network Camera (Linux 2.6) (94%), Linux 2.6.32 - 2.6.35 (94%), Linux 2.6.32 - 3.2 (94%), Linux 3.0 - 3.9 (93%), Linux 2.6.32 - 3.6 (93%)``No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://nmap.org/submit/ ).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
OS:SCAN(V=6.40%E=4%D=3/21%OT=22%CT=1%CU=44396%PV=Y%DS=1%DC=D%G=Y%M=000C29%T
OS:M=5E75B1D5%P=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=104%GCD=1%ISR=10D%TI=Z%II=I%
OS:TS=A)SEQ(SP=104%GCD=1%ISR=10D%TI=Z%TS=A)OPS(O1=M5B4ST11NW7%O2=M5B4ST11NW
OS:7%O3=M5B4NNT11NW7%O4=M5B4ST11NW7%O5=M5B4ST11NW7%O6=M5B4ST11)WIN(W1=7120%
OS:W2=7120%W3=7120%W4=7120%W5=7120%W6=7120)ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=7210%O=M5B4N
OS:NSNW7%CC=Y%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S=O%A=S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=N)T4(R=
OS:Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=A
OS:R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=Y%DF=Y%T=4
OS:0%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)U1(R=Y%DF=N%T=40%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID=
OS:G%RIPCK=G%RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=40%CD=S)

Network Distance: 1 hop

OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 12.21 seconds

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