一、介绍
在实际开发中,我们都是先拿到需求,也就是说先知道我们想要的是什么样的,然后按照我们想要的样子开发,需求是活的,经常会变动,如果一下子全部将功能实现,要改需求的时候,倒是增加了时间成本,所以我们需要测试Web项目通常不需要启动项目,使用一些Servlet相关的模拟对象。
测试驱动开发:我们按照需求先写一个自己预期结果的测试用例,这个测试用例刚开始肯定是失败的测试,随着不断的编码和重构,最终让测试用例通过测试,这样才能保证软件的质量和可控性。
二、需求
控制器的测试。
使用JUnit和Spring TestContext framework,演示对普通页面转向形控制器和RestController进行测试。
三、演示
(1)添加pom文件
其中test说明这些包的存活是在test周期,也就意味着发布时我们将不包含这些jar包。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
(2)演示服务
在src/main/java下新建DemoService
package com.eleven.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service // 声明当前DemoService是Spring管理的一个Bean
public class DemoService {
public String saySomething() {
return "hello";
}
}
(3)测试用例
在src/test/java下新建TestControllerIntegrationTests
package com.eleven.controller;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.forwardedUrl;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.model;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpSession;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import com.eleven.MyMvcConfig;
import com.eleven.service.DemoService;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { MyMvcConfig.class })
@WebAppConfiguration("src/main/resources") // 默认为src/main/webapp,现在修改为src/main/resources
public class TestControllerIntegrationTests {
private MockMvc mockMvc; // 用来模拟MVC对象
@Autowired
private DemoService demoService; // 可以在测试用例中注入Spring的Bean
@Autowired
WebApplicationContext wac; // 注入WebApplicationContext
@Autowired
MockHttpSession session; // 注入模拟http session
@Autowired
MockHttpServletRequest request; // 注入模拟的Http request
@Before // 测试之前进行初始化工作
public void setup() {
this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build(); // 初始化
}
@Test
public void testNormalController() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(get("/normal")) // 模拟向/normal进行get请求
.andExpect(status().isOk()) // 预期状态返回200
.andExpect(view().name("page")) // 预期view的名称为page
.andExpect(forwardedUrl("/WEB-INF/classes/views/page.jsp")) // 预期页面转向的路径为/WEB-INF/classes/views/page.jsp
.andExpect(model().attribute("msg", demoService.saySomething())); // 预期返回值是hello
}
@Test
public void testRestController() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(get("/testRest")) // 模拟向/testRest进行get请求
.andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().contentType("text/plain;charset=UTF-8")) // 预期返回的媒体类型为text/plain;charset=UTF-8
.andExpect(content().string(demoService.saySomething())); // 预期返回值的内容为hello
}
}
(4)编写控制层
在src/test/java下新建NormalController
package com.eleven.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import com.eleven.service.DemoService;
@Controller
public class NormalController {
@Autowired
private DemoService demoService;
@RequestMapping("/normal")
public String testPage(Model model) {
model.addAttribute("msg", demoService.saySomething());
return "page";
}
}
(5)编写jsp页面
在src/main/resources/views下新建page.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<pre>欢迎欢迎</pre>
</body>
</html>
(6)编写RestController控制层
在src/test/java下新建MyRestController
package com.eleven.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.eleven.service.DemoService;
@RestController
public class MyRestController {
@Autowired
private DemoService demoService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/testRest", produces = "text/palin;charset=UTF-8")
public @ResponseBody String testRest() {
return demoService.saySomething();
}
}
(7)运行测试
运行src/test/java下的TestControllerIntegrationTests