spring 强大的钩子函数总结

Spring生命周期揭秘：利用Aware与BeanPostProcessor实现定制化

最新推荐文章于 2025-10-17 15:08:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-10-17 15:08:28 发布 · 1.9k 阅读

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#spring #java #bean

本文详细解析Spring框架中的生命周期钩子方法，如Aware接口和BeanPostProcessor的使用，通过实例展示如何在bean的生命周期中插入自定义逻辑。重点讨论Aware接口的触发顺序和BeanPostProcessor的执行时机，以及一个实际场景中的BeanPostProcessor应用。

Spring是我们经常使用的一个框架，它功能之一是提供了我们管理bean对象的手段，而且它提供了很多钩子方法给我们使用。什么是钩子方法呢？钩子方法就是：在bean的生命周期之中，经历了一系列的过程之中，Spring留给我们的一个后门，让我们能在Spring的生命周期之中执行我们想要的方法，从而实现我们想要的功能。接下来我们介绍一下生命周期，然后一个一个介绍我见过的样例或者我自己写的样例。

Spring生命周期的各种Aware

Spring的生命周期（我们撇开网络上很多资料，因为我觉得网络上很多资料要么不全，要么分不清context和beanFactory，然后将context的一些过程归入beanFactory之中。我这里只看Spring官方文档，我看的是5.3.0-SNAPSHOT版本的。）

在这里插入图片描述

上面列表说的114个初始化方法，13个销毁方法。这就是我说的钩子方法，只要你进程并实现了对应的方法，spring就会帮我们调用这些方法。

然后针对上面的bean lifecycle 我这里用一个简单的例子给大家演示一下：

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-java"><span style="color:#6679cc">public</span> <span style="color:#6679cc">class</span> BeanLifecycle <span style="color:#6679cc">implements</span> BeanNameAware<span style="color:#999999">,</span> BeanClassLoaderAware<span style="color:#999999">,</span> BeanFactoryAware<span style="color:#999999">,</span> EnvironmentAware<span style="color:#999999">,</span>
        EmbeddedValueResolverAware<span style="color:#999999">,</span> ResourceLoaderAware<span style="color:#999999">,</span> ApplicationEventPublisherAware<span style="color:#999999">,</span> MessageSourceAware<span style="color:#999999">,</span>
        ApplicationContextAware<span style="color:#999999">,</span> ServletContextAware<span style="color:#999999">,</span> BeanPostProcessor<span style="color:#999999">,</span> InitializingBean<span style="color:#999999">,</span> DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessor<span style="color:#999999">,</span>
        DisposableBean<span style="color:#999999">{</span>

    <span style="color:#6b7394">/**
     * BeanNameAware 的 setBeanName，这个是第一个触发
     */</span>
    <span style="color:#999999">@Override</span>
    <span style="color:#6679cc">public</span> <span style="color:#6679cc">void</span> <span style="color:#3d8fd1">setBeanName</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>String s<span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span>
        System<span style="color:#999999">.</span>out<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#3d8fd1">println</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#ac9739">"第一个执行 bean name = "</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    <span style="color:#999999">}</span>


    <span style="color:#6b7394">/**
     * BeanClassLoaderAware 的 setBeanClassLoader
     */</span>
    <span style="color:#999999">@Override</span>
    <span style="color:#6679cc">public</span> <span style="color:#6679cc">void</span> <span style="color:#3d8fd1">setBeanClassLoader</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>ClassLoader classLoader<span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span>
        System<span style="color:#999999">.</span>out<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#3d8fd1">println</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#ac9739">"第二个执行  classLoader = "</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    <span style="color:#999999">}</span>

    <span style="color:#6b7394">/**
     * BeanFactoryAware 的 setBeanFactory
     */</span>
    <span style="color:#999999">@Override</span>
    <span style="color:#6679cc">public</span> <span style="color:#6679cc">void</span> <span style="color:#3d8fd1">setBeanFactory</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>BeanFactory beanFactory<span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#6679cc">throws</span> BeansException <span style="color:#999999">{</span>
        System<span style="color:#999999">.</span>out<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#3d8fd1">println</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#ac9739">"第三个执行 beanFactory = "</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    <span style="color:#999999">}</span>

    <span style="color:#6b7394">/**
     * EnvironmentAware 的 setEnvironment
     */</span>
    <span style="color:#999999">@Override</span>
    <span style="color:#6679cc">public</span> <span style="color:#6679cc">void</span> <span style="color:#3d8fd1">setEnvironment</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>Environment environment<span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span>
        System<span style="color:#999999">.</span>out<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#3d8fd1">println</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#ac9739">"第四个执行 environment = "</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    <span style="color:#999999">}</span>

    <span style="color:#6b7394">/**
     * EmbeddedValueResolverAware 的 EmbeddedValueResolverAware
     */</span>
    <span style="color:#999999">@Override</span>
    <span style="color:#6679cc">public</span> <span style="color:#6679cc">void</span> <span style="color:#3d8fd1">setEmbeddedValueResolver</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>StringValueResolver resolver<span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span>
        System<span style="color:#999999">.</span>out<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#3d8fd1">println</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#ac9739">"第五个执行 resolver = "</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    <span style="color:#999999">}</span>

    <span style="color:#6b7394">/**
     * ResourceLoaderAware 的 setResourceLoader
     */</span>
    <span style="color:#999999">@Override</span>
    <span style="color:#6679cc">public</span> <span style="color:#6679cc">void</span> <span style="color:#3d8fd1">setResourceLoader</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>ResourceLoader resourceLoader<span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#999999">{</span>
        System<span style="color:#999999">.</span>out<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#3d8fd1">println</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#ac9739">"第六个执行 resourceLoader = "</span> <span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
    <span style="color:#999999">}</span>

    <span style="color:#6b7394">/**
     * ApplicationEventPublisherAware 的 setApplicationEventPublisher
     */</span>
    <span style="color:#99