Python学习笔记之12306抢票

最新推荐文章于 2025-01-11 14:55:17 发布
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最新推荐文章于 2025-01-11 14:55:17 发布
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本文介绍了一个针对12306网站的爬虫实现案例，包括验证码验证、账号登录及余票查询等功能。该爬虫使用Python语言编写，并详细展示了如何处理网站的cookie。
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本笔记基于Python3.6
主要涉及到爬虫cookie的处理，特别使用，对今后的爬虫意义深重
主要实现了：
1. 12306登录验证码验证
2，12306账号的登录
3, 12306余票查询
直接贴上源码：
# !/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
import ssl#z证书
import requests
# import cookielib
import json
import urllib
from http import cookiejar
from urllib import request, parse

# ssl._creat_default_https_context=ssl._create_unverified_context#不验证证书
requested=requests.Session()
#获取验证码
def getcode():
    url="https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-image?login_site=E&module=login&rand=sjrand&0.22323172816879921"
    headers={
        'Accept':'image/webp,image/*,*/*;q=0.8',
        'Accept-Encoding':'gzip, deflate, sdch, br',
        'Accept-Language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8',
        # 'Connection':'keep-alive',
        # 'Host':'kyfw.12306.cn',
        # 'Referer':'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init',
        'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.2372.400 QQBrowser/9.5.10801.400'
    }
    r=requested.get(url=url,headers=headers,verify=False)#将verify置为false是关闭证书验证，防止证书过期
    with open("code.png","wb") as fn:
        fn.write(r.content)
    # print(r.cookies)
    return r.cookies
#验证验证码
def checkcode():
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-check'
    Axis = {"1": "41,50", "2": "108,50", "3": "182,50", "4": "254,50", "5": "43,120", "6": "111,120",
            "7": "175,120",
            "8": "250,120"}
    png = input("请输入验证码：")
    Arr = png.split(',')
    code = ''
    for val in Arr:
        code = code + ',' + Axis[str(val)]
    code = code[1:]
    url="https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-check"
    headers={
        'Accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
        'Accept-Language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8',
        'Connection':'keep-alive',
        'Content-Length': '63',
        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
        'Host': 'kyfw.12306.cn',
        # 'Cookie': cookie,
        'Origin': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn',
        'Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init',
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.2372.400 QQBrowser/9.5.10801.400',
        'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'
    }
    date={
        'answer':code,
        'login_site':'E',
        'rand':'sjrand'
    }
    r=requested.post(url=url,data=date,headers=headers,verify=False)
    # print(r.text)
    result=json.loads(r.text)
    result=result["result_code"]
    return (result)
#登录账户
def login():
    url="https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/login"
    headers={
           'Accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01',
           'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
           'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9 ',
           'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.26 Safari/537.36 Core/1.63.4793.400 QQBrowser/10.0.745.400',
           'X-Requested-With':'XMLHttpRequest'
    }
    # data="username=491577803%40qq.com&password=zhangli520&appid=otn"
    data={
         'username': "491577803@qq.com",
         "password":"*******",
         'appid': 'otn'
    }
    r=requested.post(url=url,headers=headers,data=data,verify=False)
    # print(r.text)
    logstat=json.loads(r.text)
    logstat=logstat["result_code"]
    return logstat
#查询余票
def prebuy():
    # 请求url：https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/passport?redirect=/otn/login/userLogin
    url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/passport?redirect=/otn/login/userLogin"
    headers = {
        "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8",
        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.26 Safari/537.36 Core/1.63.4793.400 QQBrowser/10.0.745.400"
    }
    r = requested.get(url=url, headers=headers)
    # 请求url：https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/auth/uamtk
    url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/auth/uamtk"
    headers = {
        "Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01",
        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.26 Safari/537.36 Core/1.63.4793.400 QQBrowser/10.0.745.400",
        "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest"
    }
    data = {"appid": "otn"}
    r = requested.post(url=url, data=data, headers=headers, verify=False)
    checkresl = json.loads(r.text)
    apptk = checkresl["newapptk"]
    checkresl = checkresl['result_code']
    if checkresl == 0:
        print("验证1通过!!!")
        pass
    else:
        print("验证1失败!!!")
        # exit(0)
    # 请求 url:https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/uamauthclient
    url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/uamauthclient"
    headers = {
        "Accept": "*/*",
        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.26 Safari/537.36 Core/1.63.4793.400 QQBrowser/10.0.745.400",
        "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest"
    }
    data = {"tk": apptk}
    r = requested.post(url=url, data=data, headers=headers, verify=False)
    checkres2 = json.loads(r.text)
    checkres2 = checkres2["result_code"]
    if checkres2 == 0:
        print("验证2通过!!!")
        pass
    else:
        print("验证2失败!!!")
        # exit(0)


    #请求网站url：https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init
    url="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init"
    headers={
        'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
        'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.26 Safari/537.36 Core/1.63.4793.400 QQBrowser/10.0.745.400'
    }
    r=requested.get(url=url,headers=headers,verify=False)
    # print(r.text)
    #请求网站https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/HttpZF/GetJS
    url="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/HttpZF/GetJS"
    headers={
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.3176.400 QQBrowser/9.6.11576.400",
    }
    r=requested.get(url=url,headers=headers,verify=False)
    #请求网站https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/dynamicJs/qrtqmnp
    url="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/dynamicJs/qrtqmnp"
    headers={"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.3176.400 QQBrowser/9.6.11576.400"}
    r=requested.get(url=url,headers=headers,verify=False)
    #请求网站https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/passcodeNew/getPassCodeNew?module=passenger&rand=randp&0.9482634139575532
    url="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/passcodeNew/getPassCodeNew?module=passenger&rand=randp&0.9482634139575532"
    headers={"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.3176.400 QQBrowser/9.6.11576.400"}
    r=requested.get(url=url,headers=headers,verify=False)
    #请求网站查询余票  url="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryZ?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2018-03-07&leftTicketDTO.from_station=CDW&leftTicketDTO.to_station=NJH&purpose_codes=ADULT"
    url="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryZ?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2018-03-07&leftTicketDTO.from_station=NAF&leftTicketDTO.to_station=CCT&purpose_codes=ADULT"
    headers={
        "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.26 Safari/537.36 Core/1.63.4793.400 QQBrowser/10.0.745.400"
    }
    r=requested.get(url=url,headers=headers,verify=False)

    result=json.loads(r.text)
    result=result["data"]
    result=result["result"]
    print(result)
    c=0
    for i in result:
        temp_list=i.split("|")
        for j in temp_list:
            print("%s %s"%(j,c))
            c=c+1
        # print(temp_list)
    print("```````````````````````````````````````")
    cde0=temp_list[0]
    print(cde0)
    print("```````````````````````````````````````")
    if temp_list[26]=="有":
        print("有票")
        flag=1
    elif temp_list[26] == "无" or temp_list[26]=="":
        print("没票")
        flag=0
    elif int(temp_list[26])>0:
        print("有票")
        flag=1
    else:
        print("没票")
        flag=0
    if flag==0:
        exit(0)

    # 预定  验证登录状态https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/checkUser
    url="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/checkUser"
    headers={
        "Accept": "*/*",
        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.26 Safari/537.36 Core/1.63.4793.400 QQBrowser/10.0.745.400",
        "X-Requested-With":"XMLHttpRequest"
    }
    data={"_json_att":""}
    r=requested.post(url=url,headers=headers,verify=False)
    print("验证登录状态")
    print(r.text)
    print(r.cookies)
    #请求url https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/submitOrderRequest
    url="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/submitOrderRequest"
    headers={
        "Accept": "*/*",
        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.26 Safari/537.36 Core/1.63.4793.400 QQBrowser/10.0.745.400",
        "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest"
    }
    cde1="&train_date=2018-03-07&back_train_date=2018-02-27&tour_flag=dc&purpose_codes=ADULT&query_from_station_name=南召&query_to_station_name=长春&undefined"
    data={
        "secretStr":str(cde0+cde1)
    }
    print(data)
    r=requested.post(url=url,headers=headers,data= data ,verify=False)
    print(r.text)





#执行
def run():
    cookie=getcode()
    result=checkcode()
    if result !="4":
        print("验证码校验失败！！！")
        run()
    else:
        print("验证码校验成功！！！")
        pass
    logstat=login()
    if logstat==0 :
        print("登录成功！！！")
        pass
    else:
        print("登录失败！！！")
        run()
    prebuy()

run()