SpringBoot利用redis实现简单限流

原创已于 2022-05-07 20:13:15 修改 · 1.4k 阅读

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文章标签：

#redis #spring boot #缓存

于 2022-05-07 20:12:06 首次发布

SpringBoot 同时被 2 个专栏收录

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注意：提前配置好redis。

一、Redis配置

import cn.hutool.core.lang.Assert;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.ParserConfig;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializerFeature;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.cache.Cache;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachingConfigurerSupport;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.cache.interceptor.CacheErrorHandler;
import org.springframework.cache.interceptor.KeyGenerator;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisOperations;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializationContext;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializer;
import reactor.util.annotation.Nullable;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Slf4j
@Configuration
@EnableCaching
@ConditionalOnClass(RedisOperations.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(RedisProperties.class)
public class RedisConfig extends CachingConfigurerSupport {
	  /**
     * 设置 redis 数据默认过期时间，默认2小时
     * 设置@cacheable 序列化方式
     */
    @Bean
    public RedisCacheConfiguration redisCacheConfiguration() {
        FastJsonRedisSerializer<Object> fastJsonRedisSerializer = new FastJsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);
        RedisCacheConfiguration configuration = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig();
        configuration = configuration.serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext.
                SerializationPair.fromSerializer(fastJsonRedisSerializer)).entryTtl(Duration.ofHours(2));
        return configuration;
    }
	
	@SuppressWarnings("all")
    @Bean(name = "redisTemplate")
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "redisTemplate")
    public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
        RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
        //序列化
        FastJsonRedisSerializer<Object> fastJsonRedisSerializer = new FastJsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);
        // value值的序列化采用fastJsonRedisSerializer
        template.setValueSerializer(fastJsonRedisSerializer);
        template.setHashValueSerializer(fastJsonRedisSerializer);
        // 全局开启AutoType，这里方便开发，使用全局的方式
        ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().setAutoTypeSupport(true);
        // 建议使用这种方式，小范围指定白名单
        // ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().addAccept("me.zhengjie.domain");
        // key的序列化采用StringRedisSerializer
        template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        template.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
        return template;
    }

    /**
     * 自定义缓存key生成策略，默认将使用该策略
     */
    @Bean
    @Override
    public KeyGenerator keyGenerator() {
        return (target, method, params) -> {
            Map<String, Object> container = new HashMap<>(4);
            Class<?> targetClassClass = target.getClass();
            // 类地址
            container.put("class", targetClassClass.toGenericString());
            // 方法名称
            container.put("methodName", method.getName());
            // 包名称
            container.put("package", targetClassClass.getPackage());
            // 参数列表
            for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
                container.put(String.valueOf(i), params[i]);
            }
            // 转为JSON字符串
            String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(container);
            // 做SHA256 Hash计算，得到一个SHA256摘要作为Key
            return DigestUtils.sha256Hex(jsonString);
        };
    }

    @Bean
    @Override
    public CacheErrorHandler errorHandler() {
        // 异常处理，当Redis发生异常时，打印日志，但是程序正常走
        log.info("初始化 -> [{}]", "Redis CacheErrorHandler");
        return new CacheErrorHandler() {
            @Override
            public void handleCacheGetError(RuntimeException e, Cache cache, Object key) {
                log.error("Redis occur handleCacheGetError：key -> [{}]", key, e);
            }

            @Override
            public void handleCachePutError(RuntimeException e, Cache cache, Object key, Object value) {
                log.error("Redis occur handleCachePutError：key -> [{}]；value -> [{}]", key, value, e);
            }

            @Override
            public void handleCacheEvictError(RuntimeException e, Cache cache, Object key) {
                log.error("Redis occur handleCacheEvictError：key -> [{}]", key, e);
            }

            @Override
            public void handleCacheClearError(RuntimeException e, Cache cache) {
                log.error("Redis occur handleCacheClearError：", e);
            }
        };
    }

}

/**
 * Value 序列化
 */
class FastJsonRedisSerializer<T> implements RedisSerializer<T> {

    private final Class<T> clazz;

    FastJsonRedisSerializer(Class<T> clazz) {
        super();
        this.clazz = clazz;
    }

    @Override
    public byte[] serialize(T t) {
        if (t == null) {
            return new byte[0];
        }
        return JSON.toJSONString(t, SerializerFeature.WriteClassName).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    }

    @Override
    public T deserialize(byte[] bytes) {
        if (bytes == null || bytes.length <= 0) {
            return null;
        }
        String str = new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        return JSON.parseObject(str, clazz);
    }

}

/**
 * 重写序列化器
 */
class StringRedisSerializer implements RedisSerializer<Object> {

    private final Charset charset;

    StringRedisSerializer() {
        this(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    }

    private StringRedisSerializer(Charset charset) {
        Assert.notNull(charset, "Charset must not be null!");
        this.charset = charset;
    }

    @Override
    public String deserialize(byte[] bytes) {
        return (bytes == null ? null : new String(bytes, charset));
    }

    @Override
    public @Nullable
    byte[] serialize(Object object) {
        String string = JSON.toJSONString(object);

        if (org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.isBlank(string)) {
            return null;
        }
        string = string.replace("\"", "");
        return string.getBytes(charset);
    }

}

二、自定义设置限流注解

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Limit {

    // 资源名称，用于描述接口功能
    String name() default "";

    // 资源 key
    String key() default "";

    // key prefix
    String prefix() default "";

    // 时间的，单位秒
    int period();

    // 限制访问次数
    int count();

    // 限制类型
    LimitType limitType() default LimitType.CUSTOMER;

}

/**
 * 限流枚举
 */
public enum LimitType {
    // 默认
    CUSTOMER,

    //  by ip addr
    IP
}

三、编写注解切面AOP

@Aspect
@Component
public class LimitAspect {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LimitAspect.class);
    private final RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate;

    public LimitAspect(RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate) {
        this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate;
    }

    @Pointcut("@annotation(me.zhengjie.annotation.Limit)")
    public void pointcut() {
    }

    @Around("pointcut()")
    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
        HttpServletRequest request = RequestHolder.getHttpServletRequest();
        MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
        Method signatureMethod = signature.getMethod();
        Limit limit = signatureMethod.getAnnotation(Limit.class);
        LimitType limitType = limit.limitType();
        String key = limit.key();
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(key)) {
            if (limitType == LimitType.IP) {
                key = StringUtils.getIp(request);
            } else {
                key = signatureMethod.getName();
            }
        }

        ImmutableList<Object> keys = ImmutableList.of(StringUtils.join(limit.prefix(), "_", key, "_", request.getRequestURI().replace("/", "_")));

        String luaScript = buildLuaScript();
        RedisScript<Number> redisScript = new DefaultRedisScript<>(luaScript, Number.class);
        Number count = redisTemplate.execute(redisScript, keys, limit.count(), limit.period());
        if (null != count && count.intValue() <= limit.count()) {
            logger.info("第{}次访问key为 {}，描述为 [{}] 的接口", count, keys, limit.name());
            return joinPoint.proceed();
        } else {
            throw new BadRequestException("访问次数受限制");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 限流脚本
     */
    private String buildLuaScript() {
        return "local c" +
                "\nc = redis.call('get',KEYS[1])" +
                "\nif c and tonumber(c) > tonumber(ARGV[1]) then" +
                "\nreturn c;" +
                "\nend" +
                "\nc = redis.call('incr',KEYS[1])" +
                "\nif tonumber(c) == 1 then" +
                "\nredis.call('expire',KEYS[1],ARGV[2])" +
                "\nend" +
                "\nreturn c;";
    }

四、测试

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/limit")
@Api(tags = "系统：限流测试管理")
public class LimitController {

    private static final AtomicInteger ATOMIC_INTEGER = new AtomicInteger();

    /**
     * 测试限流注解，下面配置说明该接口 60秒内最多只能访问 10次，保存到redis的键名为 limit_test，
     */
    @AnonymousGetMapping
    @ApiOperation("测试")
    @Limit(key = "test", period = 60, count = 10, name = "testLimit", prefix = "limit")
    public int testLimit() {
        return ATOMIC_INTEGER.incrementAndGet();
    }
}