linux中挂载硬盘

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由于一块硬盘不够用了，需要再添加一个。现在添加好了需要挂载一下，这里有两种方式。一种是直接挂载硬盘，另一种是先将硬盘分区，然后再将分区进行挂载。
先来直接挂载硬盘，查看一下系统分区：df -h

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                       43G  6.2G   35G  16% /
/dev/sda1              99M   13M   81M  14% /boot
tmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm

查看一下硬盘信息：fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        6527    52323705   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

对/dev/sdb进行格式化：mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb 输入y继续

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
1310720 inodes, 2621440 blocks
131072 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560
80 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

然后对硬盘进行挂载：mount /dev/sdb /home 再查看一下分区

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                       43G  6.2G   35G  16% /
/dev/sda1              99M   13M   81M  14% /boot
tmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb              9.9G  151M  9.2G   2% /home

设置开机自动挂载：vi /etc/fstab 追下下面语句

/dev/sdb        /home        ext3        defaults        0 0

再来进行第二种分区挂载，查看一下分区和硬盘：

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   19G  4.1G   14G  24% /
devtmpfs                 7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    7.8G   84K  7.8G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    7.8G   81M  7.7G   2% /run
tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                197M  144M   54M  74% /boot
tmpfs                    1.6G  8.0K  1.6G   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                    1.6G   28K  1.6G   1% /run/user/0
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0003881d

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          411648    41287679    20438016   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 20.4 GB, 20396900352 bytes, 39837696 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 524 MB, 524288000 bytes, 1024000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

对sdb磁盘进行分区：fdisk /dev/sdb
输入p查看这个磁盘没有分区，输入n创建分区，d为删除分区，w进行保存：

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xc5bd59c9.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc5bd59c9

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-419430399, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-419430399, default 419430399): 
Using default value 419430399
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 200 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

再对分区进行格式化：mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
13107200 inodes, 52428544 blocks
2621427 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
1600 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
	4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

然后对分区进行挂载：mount /dev/sdb1 /home 并设置开机自挂载，也可以使用 umount -l /dev/sdb1 进行卸载，-l为强行卸载。