1012 The Best Rank（25 分）

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本文介绍了一个基于C++实现的学生排名系统，该系统能够根据学生的四门课程成绩进行排名，并找出每位学生的最佳排名及其对应的科目。文章详细展示了如何通过结构体、数组及排序算法来解决这一问题。

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思路分析：
1、优先级A>C>M>E，设置数组时按这个顺序分配序号为0-3，char str={‘A’,’C’,’M’,’E’}；以结构体类型stu存放6位整数的id和4个分数（grade[0]-[3]分别代表A,C,M,E）由于id是六位整数，因此设置Rank[1000000][4]数组，Rank[id][0]-Rank[id][3]表示编号为id的考生的四个分数的排名；
2、令A=C+M+E；
注意：Rank不能写为rank;
int Rank[1000000][4] = { 0 };放在main主函数中会超出主函数栈空间，可作为全局变量；

#include"stdio.h"
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int Rank[1000000][4] = { 0 }，now;
struct node {
    int id,grade[4];    //存放4个分数
}stu[2010];;
bool cmp(node a, node b) {
    return a.grade[now] > b.grade[now];
}
int main()
{
    int n, m;
    char str[10] = {'A','C','M','E'};
    scanf("%d %d", &n, &m);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        scanf("%d %d %d %d", &stu[i].id, &stu[i].grade[1], &stu[i].grade[2], &stu[i].grade[3]);
        stu[i].grade[0] = stu[i].grade[1] + stu[i].grade[2] + stu[i].grade[3];
    }
    for (now = 0; now < 4; now++) {
        sort(stu, stu + n, cmp);
        Rank[stu[0].id][now] = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
            if (stu[i].grade[now] != stu[i - 1].grade[now]) Rank[stu[i].id][now] = i + 1;
            else Rank[stu[i].id][now] = Rank[stu[i - 1].id][now];
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int temp_id;
        scanf("%d", &temp_id);
        if (Rank[temp_id][0] == 0) {
            printf("N/A\n");
            continue;
        }
        int best_sub = 0, temp_grade = Rank[temp_id][0];
        for (int j = 1; j < 4; j++) {
            if (Rank[temp_id][j] < temp_grade) {
                best_sub = j;
                temp_grade = Rank[temp_id][j];
            }
        }
        printf("%d %c\n", temp_grade, str[best_sub]);
    }
    return 0;
}

To evaluate the performance of our first year CS majored students, we consider their grades of three courses only: C - C Programming Language, M - Mathematics (Calculus or Linear Algrbra), and E - English. At the mean time, we encourage students by emphasizing on their best ranks – that is, among the four ranks with respect to the three courses and the average grade, we print the best rank for each student.

For example, The grades of C, M, E and A - Average of 4 students are given as the following:

StudentID C M E A
310101 98 85 88 90
310102 70 95 88 84
310103 82 87 94 88
310104 91 91 91 91
Then the best ranks for all the students are No.1 since the 1st one has done the best in C Programming Language, while the 2nd one in Mathematics, the 3rd one in English, and the last one in average.

Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case. Each case starts with a line containing 2 numbers N and M (≤2000), which are the total number of students, and the number of students who would check their ranks, respectively. Then N lines follow, each contains a student ID which is a string of 6 digits, followed by the three integer grades (in the range of [0, 100]) of that student in the order of C, M and E. Then there are M lines, each containing a student ID.

Output Specification:
For each of the M students, print in one line the best rank for him/her, and the symbol of the corresponding rank, separated by a space.

The priorities of the ranking methods are ordered as A > C > M > E. Hence if there are two or more ways for a student to obtain the same best rank, output the one with the highest priority.

If a student is not on the grading list, simply output N/A.

Sample Input:
5 6
310101 98 85 88
310102 70 95 88
310103 82 87 94
310104 91 91 91
310105 85 90 90
310101
310102
310103
310104
310105
999999
Sample Output:
1 C
1 M
1 E
1 A
3 A
N/A