英语定语从句

定语从句的定义

由关系词(关系代词, 关系副词)引出的句子, 修饰一个名词或代词(先行词)

关系词(三who二物三副词)

关系代词

who,whom, whose, that, which

who whom that

that 可以与who 和whom互换使用

• Is he is the man who/that makes the software product?
• Is he is the man whom/that I saw yesterday

whose

表示"先行词的", 如果先行词是物, 则与 of which 可互换

• Python is a language whose(of which) grammar is simple

which that

先行词是事物的名词或代词, 关系词在从句中做宾语或主语

• Is python the language which(that) is a popular language?
• The language which you learn is out-of-date.

关系副词

where when why

where when why

可以分别与对应的(介词+which)互换

• There are occasions where(on which) one must yield.
• Hangzhou is the place where(in which) Ali was born.
• Is the reason why (for which) you chose Java?

that 代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句
口语中常常省略
He is unlikely to find the place (where/that/in which) he lived 40 years ago.

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

• 限制性的通常不用逗号(,)隔开, 非限制性通常有逗号
• 限制性的去除定语从句, 则语义不完整, 非限制去除后语义依然完整
• 限制性定语从句先行词只能是名词或宾语, 非限制除此之外还可以是名词短语或者句子
• 当先行词是独一无二的专有名词时, 使用非限制的
• 非限制的关系词一律不可省略

参考链接

http://www.hjenglish.com/new/p37923/