入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190318214840191.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3Njg0ODU5,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)

- [root@room4pc09 桌面]# A=`head -1 /etc/passwd`
您在 /var/mail/root 中有新邮件
[root@room4pc09 桌面]# echo ${A}
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
[root@room4pc09 桌面]# echo ${A#*:} #删除第一个:前面数字
x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
[root@room4pc09 桌面]# echo ${A##*:} #删除最后一个:前面数字
/bin/bash

[root@room4pc09 桌面]# A=`head -1 /etc/passwd`
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
[root@room4pc09 桌面]# echo ${A%:*} #去掉第一个:尾数字
root:x:0:0:root:/root
[root@room4pc09 桌面]# echo ${A%%:*} #去掉最后一个:尾数
root
[root@room4pc09 桌面]# echo ${pass:-12346}
12346
[root@room4pc09 桌面]# pass=12445
[root@room4pc09 桌面]# echo ${pass:-12346}
12445