Linux中安装Nginx，很详细
一、先到官网下载Nginx
官网地址：
http://nginx.org/en/download.html
我下载的是最新稳定版
二、上传到服务器，然后解压
1、上传到指定的服务器地址
上传的地址自己决定，我上传到 /usr/Nginx。
2、解压
使用命令： tar -zxvf “你的Nginx压缩包”，我这里是：
tar -zxvf nginx-1.22.1.tar.gz
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等待解压结束。
三、初始化Nginx
1、进行configure
进入Nginx的根目录，执行命令：
./configure
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2、假如进行configure时报错
有些朋友在进行configure时可能会报错，我的也报错了。
（1）、执行命令 yum -y install pcre-devel
可以使用命令：
yum -y install pcre-devel
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然后再进行configure。
（2）、执行命令 yum -y install openssl openssl-devel
如果还报错，可以执行命令：
yum -y install openssl openssl-devel
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再进行configure应该不会报错了。
太长了，中间没截图。
3、进行make
执行命令：
make
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需要点时间，然后执行命令：
make install
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四、查看Nginx是否成功安装
执行命令：
whereis nginx
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出现Nginx的目录表示成功安装。
五、Nginx的一些常用命令
以下命令都是在进入安装Nginx的sbin目录中操作，我这里是 /usr/local/nginx/sbin
1、启动Nginx
执行命令：
./nginx
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然后在浏览器中使用ip地址访问
表示Nginx成功启动。也可以使用命令查看，命令如下：
ps -ef | grep nginx
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2、关闭Nginx
执行命令：
./nginx -s stop
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使用之后可以看到Nginx进程以及消失了。
3、Nginx重启
命令如下：
./nginx -s reload
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执行不报错就表示重启成功。
这个命令相对用的多些，修改了Nginx配置之后就需要重启，为了在任何地方可以修改和配置，我一般这样使用，进入修改Nginx配置：
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
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重启Nginx：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
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六、使用系统命令操作nginx
通过以上步骤安装好nginx，使用系统命令操作nginx可能会报错，不同版本的Linux系统命令不一样，我的是Centos7.5.1804，所以是systemctl，比如重启的时候
1、弄清楚操作nginx文件的位置
上面安装好后就是在 /usr/local/nginx/sbin 这个目录
保持这样就好。
2、移动nginx配置文件的位置（非必要）
上面安装好后就是在 /usr/local/nginx/conf 这个目录
（1）、移动到目标目录
现在我想把它移动到 /etc/nginx 这个目录下，先创建目录
mkdir -p /etc/nginx
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再移动到这个目录
cp /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
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（2）、备份配置文件
记得做一下备份
cp nginx.conf nginx_bk.conf
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（3）、检查配置文件有没有错误
最好看一下nginx.conf配置文件有没有错误
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
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这样就表示配置文件没有问题了。
如果报了如下的错
这是把nginx的配置文件原原本本地搬了过来，解决的方式有两种：
第一种是注释掉对应的引入
第二种是在 /etc/nginx 目录加入一个名为 mime.types 的文件
这是文件内容：
types { text/html html htm shtml; text/css css; text/xml xml; image/gif gif; image/jpeg jpeg jpg; application/javascript js; application/atom+xml atom; application/rss+xml rss;text/mathml mml<span class="token punctuation">;</span> text/plain txt<span class="token punctuation">;</span> text/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>j2me<span class="token punctuation">.</span>app-descriptor jad<span class="token punctuation">;</span> text/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wap<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wml wml<span class="token punctuation">;</span> text/x-component htc<span class="token punctuation">;</span> image/avif avif<span class="token punctuation">;</span> image/png png<span class="token punctuation">;</span> image/svg+xml svg svgz<span class="token punctuation">;</span> image/tiff tif tiff<span class="token punctuation">;</span> image/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wap<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wbmp wbmp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> image/webp webp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> image/x-icon ico<span class="token punctuation">;</span> image/x-jng jng<span class="token punctuation">;</span> image/x-ms-bmp bmp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> font/woff woff<span class="token punctuation">;</span> font/woff2 woff2<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/java-archive jar war ear<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/json json<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/mac-binhex40 hqx<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/msword doc<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/pdf pdf<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/postscript <span class="token function">ps</span> eps ai<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/rtf rtf<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>apple<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mpegurl m3u8<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>google-earth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>kml+xml kml<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>google-earth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>kmz kmz<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ms-excel xls<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ms-fontobject eot<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ms-powerpoint ppt<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>oasis<span class="token punctuation">.</span>opendocument<span class="token punctuation">.</span>graphics odg<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>oasis<span class="token punctuation">.</span>opendocument<span class="token punctuation">.</span>presentation odp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>oasis<span class="token punctuation">.</span>opendocument<span class="token punctuation">.</span>spreadsheet ods<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>oasis<span class="token punctuation">.</span>opendocument<span class="token punctuation">.</span>text odt<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>openxmlformats-officedocument<span class="token punctuation">.</span>presentationml<span class="token punctuation">.</span>presentation pptx<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>openxmlformats-officedocument<span class="token punctuation">.</span>spreadsheetml<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sheet xlsx<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>openxmlformats-officedocument<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wordprocessingml<span class="token punctuation">.</span>document docx<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/vnd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wap<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wmlc wmlc<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/wasm wasm<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/x-7z-compressed 7z<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/x-cocoa cco<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/x-java-archive-<span class="token function">diff</span> jardiff<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/x-java-jnlp-file jnlp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/x-makeself run<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/x-perl pl pm<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/x-pilot prc pdb<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/x-rar-compressed rar<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/x-redhat-package-manager rpm<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/x-sea sea<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/x-shockwave-flash swf<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/x-stuffit sit<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/x-tcl tcl tk<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/x-x509-ca-cert der pem crt<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/x-xpinstall xpi<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/xhtml+xml xhtml<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/xspf+xml xspf<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/zip zip<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/octet-stream bin exe dll<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/octet-stream deb<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/octet-stream dmg<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/octet-stream iso img<span class="token punctuation">;</span> application/octet-stream msi msp msm<span class="token punctuation">;</span> audio/midi mid midi kar<span class="token punctuation">;</span> audio/mpeg mp3<span class="token punctuation">;</span> audio/ogg ogg<span class="token punctuation">;</span> audio/x-m4a m4a<span class="token punctuation">;</span> audio/x-realaudio ra<span class="token punctuation">;</span> video/3gpp 3gpp 3gp<span class="token punctuation">;</span> video/mp2t ts<span class="token punctuation">;</span> video/mp4 mp4<span class="token punctuation">;</span> video/mpeg mpeg mpg<span class="token punctuation">;</span> video/quicktime mov<span class="token punctuation">;</span> video/webm webm<span class="token punctuation">;</span> video/x-flv flv<span class="token punctuation">;</span> video/x-m4v m4v<span class="token punctuation">;</span> video/x-mng mng<span class="token punctuation">;</span> video/x-ms-asf asx asf<span class="token punctuation">;</span> video/x-ms-wmv wmv<span class="token punctuation">;</span> video/x-msvideo avi<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
}
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（4）、杀掉所有nginx进程
为避免影响到后续步骤，先杀掉所有nginx进程
killall nginx
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查看是否还有nginx相关的进程
netstat -nap | grep nginx
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3、编写系统命令相关脚本
创建名为 nginx 的文件，注意没有后缀名
如果不知道可以在Linux中的 /etc/rc.d/init.d 目录下复制一份进行编辑修改，我拿的是这个
具体如下：
#!/bin/sh
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse </span>
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# 定义pid文件的位置，需要和nginx.conf中的pid保持一致，不然使用命令时会出现卡死，但命令已经生效的现象
pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ “$NETWORKING” = “no” ] && exit 0
# 启动nginx的命令，根据实际情况修改
nginx=“/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx”
prog= < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n p u n c t u a t i o n " > ( < / s p a n > b a s e n a m e < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n v a r i a b l e " > <span class="token punctuation">(</span>basename <span class="token variable"> <spanclass="tokenpunctuation">(</span>basename<spanclass="tokenvariable">nginx)
# nginx.conf文件的位置，根据实际情况修改
NGINX_CONF_FILE=“/etc/nginx/nginx.conf”
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n s t r i n g " > " S t a r t i n g < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n v a r i a b l e " > <span class="token string">"Starting <span class="token variable"> <spanclass="tokenstring">"Starting<spanclass="tokenvariable">prog: "
daemon n g i n x < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n o p e r a t o r " > − < / s p a n > c < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n v a r i a b l e " > nginx</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>c <span class="token variable"> nginx</span><spanclass="tokenoperator">−</span>c<spanclass="tokenvariable">NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 98: …tion">]</span> &̲amp;& touch…lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n s t r i n g " > " S t o p p i n g < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n v a r i a b l e " > <span class="token string">"Stopping <span class="token variable"> <spanclass="tokenstring">"Stopping<spanclass="tokenvariable">prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 98: …tion">]</span> &̲amp;& <span…lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n s t r i n g " > " R e l o a d i n g < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n v a r i a b l e " > <span class="token string">"Reloading <span class="token variable"> <spanclass="tokenstring">"Reloading<spanclass="tokenvariable">prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
n g i n x < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n o p e r a t o r " > − < / s p a n > t < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n o p e r a t o r " > − < / s p a n > c < s p a n c l a s s = " t o k e n v a r i a b l e " > nginx</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>t <span class="token operator">-</span>c <span class="token variable"> nginx</span><spanclass="tokenoperator">−</span>t<spanclass="tokenoperator">−</span>c<spanclass="tokenvariable">NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case “$1” in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $“Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}”
exit 2
esac
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主要改这三处，根据自己的实际情况修改
其中第一处和 nginx.conf 中的pid保持一致
没有保持一致会出现卡死的感觉，像这样
其实命令已经生效了，虽然可以 Ctrl + C 退出，但体验不太好。
其他可以不改。
4、让脚本文件生效
将文件上传到 /etc/rc.d/init.d 目录
然后进入改目录
cd /etc/init.d
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给脚本文件对应的权限
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
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解释：
755表示所有者具有读、写和执行权限，而组和其他人只有读和执行权限。具体来说，755中第一位7代表所有者（owner）具有读、写、执行权限；第二位5代表组（group）只有读和执行权限；第三位5代表其它人（others）也只有读和执行权限。
原文链接：https://www.linuxcool.com/zwlmlcdhyqss
增加一项系统服务
chkconfig --add nginx
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5、使用系统命令操作nginx
（1）、启动nginx
systemctl start nginx
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（2）、停止nginx
systemctl stop nginx
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（3）、重启nginx
systemctl restart nginx
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（4）、查看nginx状态
systemctl status nginx
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